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3.15.ÔÚ×ÔÈ»ÍÆÀíϵͳ P ÖÐÓø½¼ÓÇ°Ìá·¨Ö¤Ã÷ÏÂÃæ¸÷ÍÆÀí: (1)Ç°Ìá: p??(q?r), s?p, q ½áÂÛ: s?r

(2)Ç°Ìá: (p?q) ??(r?s), (s?t) ?u ½áÂÛ: p?u

(1)Ö¤Ã÷:

¢Ù s ¸½¼ÓÇ°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Ú s?p Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Û p ¢Ù¢Ú¼ÙÑÔÍÆÀí ¢Ü p??(q?r) Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Ý q?r ¢Û¢Ü¼ÙÑÔÍÆÀí ¢Þ q Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢ß

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p?q

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(p?q) ??(r?s)

Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Ü

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s?t

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(s?t) ?u Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢à

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3.16.ÔÚ×ÔÈ»ÍÆÀíϵͳ P ÖÐÓùéÃý·¨Ö¤Ã÷ÏÂÃæÍÆÀí:

(1)Ç°Ìá: p??q, ?r?q, r??s ½áÂÛ: ?p

(2)Ç°Ìá: p?q, p?r, q?s ½áÂÛ: r?s

(1)Ö¤Ã÷:

¢Ù P ½áÂÛ·ñ¶¨ÒýÈë ¢Ú p??q Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Û ?q ¢Ù¢Ú¼ÙÑÔÍÆÀí ¢Ü ?r?q Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Ý ?r ¢Û¢ÜÎöÈ¡Èý¶ÎÂÛ ¢Þ r??s Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢ß r ¢Þ»¯¼ò ¢à

?r?r

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¢àΪì¶Üʽ, ÓɹéÃý·¨¿ÉÖª, ÍÆÀíÕýÈ·. (2)Ö¤Ã÷:

¢Ù ??(r?s) ½áÂÛ·ñ¶¨ÒýÈë ¢Ú p?q Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Û p?r Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Ü q?s Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Ý r?s

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3.17.P53 17. ÔÚ×ÔÈ»ÍÆÀíϵͳ P Öй¹ÔìÏÂÃæÍÆÀíµÄÖ¤Ã÷:

Ö»Òª A Ôøµ½¹ýÊܺ¦Õß·¿¼ä²¢ÇÒ 11 µãÒÔǰûÓÃÀ뿪, A ¾Í·¸ÁËıɱ×ï. A Ôøµ½¹ýÊܺ¦Õß·¿¼ä. Èç¹û A ÔÚ 11 µãÒÔÇ°À뿪, ¿´ÃÅÈ˻ῴµ½Ëû. ¿´ÃÅÈËûÓп´µ½Ëû. ËùÒÔ A ·¸ÁËıɱ×ï.

Áî p: A Ôøµ½¹ýÊܺ¦Õß·¿¼ä; q: A ÔÚ 11 µãÒÔÇ°À뿪ÁË; r: A ¾Í·¸ÁËıɱ×ï; s:¿´ÃÅÈË¿´µ½ A.

Ç°Ìá: p??q ??r, p, q ??s, ?s. ½áÂÛ: r.

Ç°Ìá: p??q ??r, p, q ??s, ?s; Ö¤Ã÷: ¢Ù ?s ¢Ú q ??s ¢Û ?q ¢Ü p ¢Ý p??q ¢Þ p??q ??r ¢ß r

½áÂÛ: r.

Ç°ÌáÒýÈë Ç°ÌáÒýÈë

¢Ù¢Ú¾ÜÈ¡ Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Û¢ÜºÏÈ¡ Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Ý¢Þ¼ÙÑÔÍÆÀí

3.18.ÔÚ×ÔÈ»ÍÆÀíϵͳ P Öй¹ÔìÏÂÃæÍÆÀíµÄÖ¤Ã÷.

(1)Èç¹û½ñÌìÊÇÐÇÆÚÁù, ÎÒÃǾÍÒªµ½ÒúÍÔ°»òÔ²Ã÷Ô°È¥Íæ. Èç¹ûÒúÍÔ°ÓÎÈËÌ«¶à, ÎÒÃǾͲ»È¥ÒúÍÔ°Íæ. ½ñÌìÊÇÐÇÆÚÁù. ÒúÍÔ°ÓÎÈËÌ«¶à. ËùÒÔÎÒÃÇÈ¥Ô²Ã÷Ô°Íæ.

(2)Èç¹ûСÍõÊÇÀí¿ÆѧÉú, ËûµÄÊýѧ³É¼¨Ò»¶¨ºÜºÃ. Èç¹ûСÍõ²»ÊÇÎÄ¿ÆÉú, Ëû±ØÊÇÀí¿ÆÉú. СÍõµÄÊýѧ³É ¼¨²»ºÃ. ËùÒÔСÍõÊÇÎÄ¿ÆѧÉú.

(3)Ã÷ÌìÊÇÇçÌì, »òÊÇÓêÌ죻ÈôÃ÷ÌìÊÇÇçÌì, ÎÒ¾ÍÈ¥¿´µçÓ°£»ÈôÎÒ¿´µçÓ°, ÎҾͲ»¿´Êé. ËùÒÔ, Èç¹ûÎÒ¿´Êé, ÔòÃ÷ÌìÊÇÓêÌì.

(1)Áî p: ½ñÌìÊÇÐÇÆÚÁù; q: ÎÒÃÇÒªµ½ÒúÍÔ°Íæ; r: ÎÒÃÇÒªµ½Ô²Ã÷Ô°Íæ; s:ÒúÍÔ°ÓÎÈËÌ«¶à.

Ç°Ìá: p??(q?r), s ???q, p, s. ½áÂÛ: r.

¢Ù p ¢Ú p?q?r ¢Û q?r ¢Ü s ¢Ý s ???q ¢Þ ?q ¢ß r

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¢Ù s ¸½¼ÓÇ°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Ú r??s Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Û ?r ¢Ù¢Ú¾Üȡʽ ¢Ü p?r Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢Ý ?p ¢Û¢Ü¾Üȡʽ ¢Þ p?q Ç°ÌáÒýÈë ¢ß

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