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2) It is essential to rebuild the superstructure of a modern market economy.

3) Developing a(n) supersonic aircraft is quite an accomplishment in the history of aviation (航空).

4) Children, or rather, people of all ages, are often fascinated by superheroes in books and movies.

5) She realized that to become a pop superstar she still has a lot to learn and she must train hard.

6) This is a(n) ultra-stylish modern dining table, combining tapered (逐渐变细的) wooden legs with a glass top.

7) David was a(n) ultraconservative manager and the company ceased to make progress when he was presiding over it.

8) The ultraviolet rays can cause sunburn and even skin cancer; you should take necessary precautions before heading out into the scorching sun.

Grammar in Context

1 Study the following sentences containing double negation.

1) It is not uncommon to get into a mode where you think, ―If only I had object X, my life would be perfect and I would be happy.‖ (Para. 2, Text B, Unit 6) 2) But this you cannot do with any success without knowing the language, for language is the principal symbol system of communication. (Para. 7, Text A, Unit 6)

Now rewrite the following statements using double negation after the examples. Examples:

1. It is common to get into a mode where you think, ―If only I had object X, my life would be perfect and I would be happy.‖

It is not uncommon to get into a mode where you think, ―If only I had object X, my life would be perfect and I would be happy.‖

2. But this you can do with some success only by knowing the language…

But this you cannot do with any success without knowing the language…

3. Einstein is so famous that everyone knows him.

Einstein is so famous that there is nobody who does not know him.

1) The announcement was followed by an expected silence.

The announcement was followed by a not unexpected silence.

2) Exhausted and hungry, she could only walk with my help.

Exhausted and hungry, she could not walk without my help.

3) Everyone makes some mistakes in his lifetime.

There’s nobody who makes no mistakes in his lifetime.

4) You must have a warrant (搜查令) before you can search my house.

You can’t search my house without a warrant.

5) Only a life lived with dreams can be as rich and rewarding as life can be.

A life lived without dreams can’t be as rich and rewarding as life can be.

6) The American West is a region where farming is possible only with irrigation (灌溉).

The American West is a region where farming is impossible / not possible without irrigation.

2 Examine the structure The more …, the more … in the following sentences.

1) And the sooner you do this, the sooner culture shock will disappear. (Text A, Para.6)

2) The better tool you have, the easier the job will be.

Now translate the following sentences into English. 1) 这工作我越做越开心。

The longer I am at this job, the happier I am.

2) 越是冒险我越喜欢。

The more risky it is, the more I like it.

3) 你开始得越早，就完成得越快。

The sooner you start, the earlier / sooner you’ll finish it.

4) 你认识的人越多，你和他们在一起的时间就越少。

The more people you know, the less time you’ll spend with them.

5) 你学的越多，就发现自己懂的越少。

The more you learn, the less you find you know. Cloze

Complete the following passage with words and phrases chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is given.

When we are suddenly transplanted (1) abroad, we may lose the peace of mind we need for everyday work and life. All the familiar cues (2) disappear including words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms. We reject the foreign environment and slip into the tendency (3) to believe that our culture, race and nation form the center of the world. The frustration (4) and anxiety that can be attributed (5) to the loss of familiar signs are symptoms of culture shock. One of the effective cures (6) for this ailment is to know something

about the nature of culture and its relationship to the individual. We should bear in mind that we are born with the capacity (7) to learn culture and use it. The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up (8) over time. It is by means of (9) culture that we learn to adapt to the physical environment and to the people with whom we associate. Therefore, it is due to (10) our own lack of understanding of other people’s cultural background and of the means of communication that we can not orient ourselves to (11) the host country. Another quick way to get over (12) culture shock is to know the language. Once we are equipped with the language, a whole new world of cultural meanings opens up (13) for us. We will begin to find out not only what people do and how they do things, but also what their interests are. In addition (14), it helps us to be a participant observer by joining the activities of the people and sharing in their responses, whether this be a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity.

Translation

1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.

1) 在饭桌上，我们中国人会习惯性地劝客人多吃菜，以证明我们热情好客(hospitality)。(habitually; proof)

As a proof of our hospitality, we Chinese will habitually urge our guests to help themselves to more dishes on the table.