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Unit 1 – Section A

? Language Focus – Words in Use

1. Given the chance to show his ability, he regained (confidence) and began to succeed in school.

2. It is so difficult to (explore) the bottom of the ocean because some parts are very deep. 3. It was about 30 seconds before Alex (emerged) from the water; we were quite scared.

4. We often (assume) that when other people do the same things as we do, they do them for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable.

5. There is widespread concern that the rising unemployment may (pose) a threat to social stability.

6. After a(n) (comprehensive) physical exam, my doctor said I was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high.

7. It is well known that China is a country with rich natural (resources) and a very big population.

8. Some people believe that the earth can (yield) enough food to support at least twice its present population.

9. Sam (inherited) the gift of imagination from his family, but he lacked the driving power to take action.

10. A bee that has found honey is able to (transmit) to other bees the information they need in order to collect the honey.

? Word Building 1. cover 1. uncover 2. easy 2. uneasy 3. load 3. unload 4. apply 4. applicant 5. resist 5. resistant 6. account 6. accountant 7. assistant 7. assist 8. simple 8. simplify 9. note 9. notify 10. quality 10. qualify 11. class 11. classify

1. Despite being (classified) as a meat-eater, the panda has a diet that is overwhelmingly vegetarian.

2. They have developed computerized systems which will greatly (assist) all library users so that they will not need the help of others.

3. Changes have been made to the construction requirements in this city in order to make the buildings and highways more (resistant) to earthquakes.

4. After a two-month inquiry, the police have (uncovered) the three men's intention to rob a bank and have arrested them.

5. Consumers say they are (uneasy) about using their credit cards over the Internet because they are afraid of Interent fraud.

6. A college degree and some working experience should (qualify) you for the job advertised in the newspaper.

7. The British ship arrived at the port this morning and is (unloading) its contents in the harbor now.

8. As a human resources manager, I see many job (applicants) who are technically skilled, but have bad attitudes.

9. The teacher (simplified) his instructions so that the small children could understand him better.

10. My major was literature. However, now I'm working in a firm as a(n) (accountant) , dealing with numbers every day.

11. The committee's decision will be (notified) to all employees next week. ? Banked Cloze University students come from different parts of the country with various purposes. However, a closer look at their reasons for studying at the university will enable us to (1) (classify) them roughly into three groups: those who have a(n) (2) (passion) for learning, those who wish to (3) (attain) a bright future, and those who learn with no definite purpose.

Firstly, there are many students who learn simply because they (4) (pursue) their goal of learning. Some read a wealth of British and American novels because they are keenly interested in literature. Others sit in front of the computer screen, working on a new program, (5) (virtually) day and night, because they find some computer programs (6) (fascinating), and they dream of becoming a \Gates\

Secondly, there are students who work hard mainly for a better and more (7) (prosperous) future. It seems that the majority of students fall into this group. After admission to the university, they read books after books to (8) (acquire) knowledge from all of the resources which are (9) (available) to them, and finally, to succeed in the future job market.

Thirdly, there are still some students who learn without a clear goal. They take courses, finish homework, enjoy life on campus, but don't want to (10) (sample) anything new or challenging. They have no idea what they will be doing after college. And they may end up with nothing in their lives.

? Language Focus – Expressions in Use

1. My family (got by) on my father's unemployment benefit after he lost his job.

2. Many subway riders read books or listen to music in order to (make the most of) their time on the way to work.

3. In order to make sure he would be able to attend the meeting, I called him up two weeks (in advance) .

4. Experts say our company is amazing in that sales have been increasing steadily (over time) . 5. In order to (reap the benefits of) the physical exercise, you have to exercise regularly, and for at least half an hour each time.

6. They all tried to talk (all at once) , but I couldn't hear anything they said. 7. Yellow flowers in the field always (1) (remind) me (2)

(of) my childhood in the countryside.

8. We have been practicing for so long and so hard that our team should (stand a chance of) winning the game.

9. Research on genes will (open the door to) exciting new medical treatments.

10. Every one of you has made a contribution and I (take pleasure in) acknowledging what each of you has done to make this academic convention such a success.

? Translation

? 英译汉

Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基础) of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato. Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology (认识论) and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect (宗派).

苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。他是一个谜一般的人物，人们主要通过后期的一些古典作家的叙述，尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。苏

格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。他还在认识论和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。

? 汉译英

孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism）的创始人，被尊称为古代的\圣人\（sage）。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》（The Analects）一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。

Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient \recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius' thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.

Unit 1 – Section B

? Language Focus – Words in Use 1. By decreasing the tax rate, the government can (stimulate) or encourage consumer spending, business transactions (交易) and investments.

2. Our bodies have greater (potential) than most of us realize, and we can benefit by remembering this.

3. One important feature of team sports is that they can (cultivate) people's team spirit and sense of collective honor.

4. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while animal behavior depends mainly upon (instinct) .

5. She has been saving money in the past two years, so she is (confident) that in the coming summer she will be able to afford a journey abroad.

6. The doctor (assured) him that his condition was not serious and he would recover soon after a minor operation.

7. Generally, children display great (curiosity) about every new thing they see, and they want to find out more about it.

8. He was proud of being chosen to (participate) in the game, and he promised that he would try as hard as possible.

9. Though it has met with considerable enthusiasm, there has been resistance from some parents to this new

(approach) to teaching and learning.

10. The room only had a(n) (capacity) for 100 people. However, over 200 enthusiastic students came to listen to the lecture.

? Language Focus – Expressions in Use

1. Endless wars have turned this once wealthy country (into) one of the poorest nations in the world.

2. If you feel (like) staying at home, we could watch one of your favorite movie DVDs.

3. She was a confident and outgoing girl, but the presence of the president reduced her (to) silence.

4. I'd like to sign (up) for volunteer (志愿的) work with an environmental organization. I hear it is a great way to connect with the community.

5. I know he is annoying and unfriendly, but you shouldn't let him get (to) you.

6. The government is launching a new program which is aimed at opening (up) new employment opportunities.

7. Sharon was nowhere to be found. Maybe she had gone (off) to the beach with Tony.

8. They develop the specialized skills, knowledge, and positive attitudes needed to participate (in) sports and physical activities.

? Sentence structure 1.

(正是山姆认为) that the greatest achievement of last century was the landing of mankind on the moon.

Reference: It is Sam that/who thinks 2.

(正是在本科学习期间) I found out what my passion was. Reference: It was during my undergraduate studies that 3.

(正是孩子的好奇心和创造力) causes many educators to believe that teaching should stimulate children's interest in learning.

Reference: It is the curiosity and creativity of children that

Unit 2 – Section A

? Language Focus – Words in Use

1. He has a special feeling for the brilliant birds, and each spring he eagerly (awaits) their return.

2. Thanks to the (efficiency) of air transport, everyone is free to go anywhere at any time. 3. John believes that the (donation) of food to the hungry is more helpful than giving money. 4. Mary was a careful speaker; every word seemed to have been (polished) before it was allowed to escape through her lips.

5. When she heard it was snowing in the city they were going to, she (stuffed) two more sweaters into her bag.

6. During our stay in Europe we visited many places of (historical) interest, including several castles.

7. The wedding ceremony of my sister was a very (emotional) experience for our family.

8. He was (embarrassed) when he discovered that he didn't have enough money to pay for the red wine he had ordered.

9. The local government is pressed to find new places to (dump) waste.

10. The new system designed to (curb) harmful emissions (排放物) from factories will be put into use soon.

? Word Building 1. employ 1. employer 2. computer 2. compute 3. interpreter 3. interpret 4. atom 4. atomic 5. artist 5. artistic 6. economy 6. economic 7. history 7. historic 8. electronic 8. electron 9. envy 9. envious 10. continue 10. continuous 11. famous 11. fame 12. various 12. vary

1. Lack of eye contact might be (interpreted) as lack of attention in America, while eye contact might be considered rude in Japan.

2. When applying for a job, make sure you emphasize the skills and knowledge you have that the

(employer) will find important to the job.

3. Many of our students are beginners who have never done painting before and are looking to develop their (artistic) interests.

4. It is surprising that you don't know about such a(n) (historic) event. It marked the beginning of a new period for our nation.

5. They hoped to create a computer which could (compute) at 10 times the speed of computers on the market.

6. Education is a(n) (continuous) learning process that never ends. A teacher has the responsibility of making students think for themselves by giving effective guidance.

7. On the one hand, we should make efforts to improve the economy; on the other hand, we must keep a balance between

(economic) development and environmental protection.

8. Some successful people managed to gain (fame) and fortune even though they dropped out of school.

9. A(n) (electron) is a very small piece of matter with a negative electrical charge, found in all atoms.

10. The (atomic) bombs, also known as nuclear bombs, would cause disasters if they were used in wars.