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11. I never felt anxious or (envious) when somebody else got a higher position or made a lot of money.
12. The effects of this medicine will (vary) according to a person's health, weight, and sex.
? Banked Cloze Parents and teenagers have different or even opposite things to worry about. For example, while a mother might have a hard time understanding why her teenagers' room is always a(n) (1) (embarrassment) of dirty stuff, the teenagers are more worried about their next exams and may think it is (2) (ridiculous) for their mother to insist on keeping a clean room. It is therefore important for you to (3) (appreciate) the differences and learn to communicate with your teenagers properly. (4) (Otherwise), your teenagers may say nothing and shut you out of their personal lives. Their refusal to talk with you may even create (5) (emotional) stress in your life.Learning effective ways to communicate can (6) (reverse) the situation of a difficult relationship, (7) (reduce) the stress of your life, and lead to a friendly relationship with your teenagers. First, you should learn to discuss serious problems in daily conversations. So, important topics, such as driving a vehicle and building a(n) (8) (romantic) relationship, could be dealt with through daily conversations.Second, learn to be an active listener. Many parents are so (9) (overwhelmed) with their work that they could hardly take some time for their (10) (beloved) children. Spend your time listening carefully to what your children like to talk about, and make sure your children feel they are being taken seriously. This will increase the chances of good communication.
? Language Focus – Expressions in Use
1. After 10 years of full-time training, she has finally (made it) as a professional dancer. 2.
(After all) , what is the point in taking part in the competitive event if the result is only to prove how incompetent you are?
3. Redecorating the house is a challenging task. It's necessary to (strip off) the wallpaper first. 4. I never really had any problems with change. On the contrary, I welcome change (with open arms) .
5. A lot of what we (throw away) is made from raw materials which are not renewable.
6. Megan and John realized that their house was too messy for a new baby, so they decided to (straighten up) their house before the baby was born.
7. Jennifer couldn't (keep back) her tears when she saw the sick children at a new blood cancer center in Virginia.
8. We want to give all children a world (free of/from) violence.
? Translation
? 英译汉
Christmas is a widely observed cultural holiday, celebrated on December 25 by millions of people around the world. It commemorates (纪念) the birth of Jesus Christ. The festival dated from as early as 336 AD. Gradually it evolved into a religious as well as secular (非宗教的) celebration, celebrated by an increasing number of non-Christians. Today Christmas is observed as an important festival and public holiday around the world. Christmas customs differ in different countries. Popular modern customs of the holiday include an exchange of Christmas cards and gifts, Christmas singing, church attendance, the display of various Christmas decorations and trees, family gatherings, and a special meal preparation. To small children, the festival is full of fantasy and surprise. Legend (传说) has it that Santa Claus will enter each house through the chimney and bring gifts to well-behaved children on Christmas Eve. Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival heighten economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the holiday has also become a significant event and a key sales period for businesses.
圣诞节是一个被广泛庆祝的文化节日，全世界有许许多多的人在1 2月2 5日庆祝这一节日。它是为了纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。该节日最早可追溯到公元3 3 6年。渐渐地，这一节日演变为一个既是宗教又是非宗教的节日，越来越多的非基督徒也庆祝圣诞节。如今，圣诞节在全球被作为一个重大的节日和公共假日来庆祝。不同国家的圣诞节风俗也各不相同。现
代流行的圣诞节风俗包括交换圣诞贺卡和圣诞礼物、唱圣诞歌曲、参加教堂活动、摆放各种圣诞装饰品和圣诞树、举行家庭聚会以及准备一顿特别的大餐。对小孩子们来说，这个节日充满了幻想和惊喜。据传说，圣诞老人会在圣诞夜从烟囱进入每户人家，给乖巧听话的孩子带来礼物。由于圣诞节送礼物以及许多其他方面推动了基督徒和非基督徒的经济活动，圣诞节也因此成为商家的一个重大活动和主要销售季。
? 汉译英
每 年 农 历（Chinese lunar calendar）八 月 十 五 是我 国 的 传 统 节 日 —— 中 秋 节（the Mid-Autumn Festival）。这时是一年秋季的中期，所以被称为中秋。中秋节的一项重要活动是赏月。夜晚，人们赏明月、吃月饼，共庆中秋佳节。中秋节也是家庭团圆的时刻，远在他乡的游子，会借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之情。中秋节的习俗很多，都寄托着人们对美好生活的热爱和向往。自2008年起，中秋节成为中国的法定节假日。
According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival — the Mid-Autumn Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival. There are many customs to celebrate the festival, all expressing people's love and hope for a happy life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China.
Unit 2 – Section B
? Language Focus – Words in Use 1. As a tall girl, I feel very uncomfortable and (awkward) in high heels.
2. Although we were supposed to finish the project this month, it looks like the work will (stretch) well into the next month.
3. It is believed that the driver had lost control over his car while he was (overtaking) and running into another car.
4. After the quarrel, things became very (delicate) between me and my boss, and as a result I had to give up my job.
5. The scientist did not (anticipate) that his research result would be put to an entirely different use.
6. With five days before the opening of the College Student Arts Festival, there is a(n) (immense) amount of work to be done.
7. Hans is a warm-hearted person. When needed, he would show no (reluctance) to help others. 8. Some older people tend to be quite conservative and a bit (suspicious) of any supposed advances.
9. During the period of adjustment (适应), the international student tends to (complain) about everything in the new environment.
10. Her anger (melted) away when she read his letter of apology.
? Language Focus – Expressions in Use 1. I like this market most, because all the fruits and vegetables, shaded by umbrellas, are laid (out) so nicely.
2. He said, politely and kindly, \book.\
3. He seldom spoke, and he was never impatient (with) her; he was always a kind and friendly father.
4. The sharp surge (in/of) house price makes it difficult for young people to buy houses, especially in big cities.
5. Though very busy with his work, he does mountain climbing once (in) a while with his friends.
6. This area witnessed a leap in economic growth in the past decade, but now the growth is slowing (down) .
7. Since you don't know much about this city, let me accompany you (to) your hotel in case you lose your way.
8. Leaving behind their families when getting (aboard) the plane departing for America is their most challenging experience.
? Sentence structure 1. All of Justin's pain disappeared. (他的腿也不痛了).
Reference: So did the ache in his legs
2. His father doesn't have great hope for him now. (他的母亲也一样).
Reference: Nor does his mother
3. CNN then reported the story and
(其他电视新闻节目和各大报纸也都报道了).
Reference: so did other television news programs and major newspapers
Unit 3 – Section A
? Language Focus – Words in Use
1. To make our companies (competitive) in the market, we have to be more creative and productive.
2. People are beginning to realize that to (transform) nature at will is the biggest mistake that man has ever made.
3. It is difficult to conclude what a(n) (typical) student does in his spare time because every student has different interests.
4. A month ago I wrote to the store complaining about its bad service, but I haven't gotten a(n) (response) yet.
5. Some of your suggestions have been (adopted) , but others have been turned down as they are not workable.
6. All of a sudden, he lost his interest in engineering, and (focused) his attention on learning a foreign language.
7. If a company decreases health benefits for its employees, they should increase salaries to (compensate) the workers.
8. I failed to pass the exam although I had worked very hard. I should (analyze) the causes of my failure.
9. When you do yoga, try to (regulate) your breathing. Don't breathe too fast and make sure you breathe only through your nose.
10. It was difficult to (estimate) how many people had been wounded in the earthquake.
? Word Building 1. scene 1. scenery 2. machine 2. machinery 3. detective 3. detect 4. compare 4. comparative 5. explode 5. explosive 6. mass 6. massive 7. represent 7. representative 8. modern 8. modernize 9. character 9. characterize 10. special 10. specialize 11. computer 11. computerize 12. summary 12. summarize
1. New Zealand is famous for its clean beaches, friendly people and magnificent (scenery) . 2. The company decided after a board meeting that the old (machinery) in the factories be done away with.
3. The key to an effective presentation is to state your points clearly and (summarize) each of your points at the end of your presentation.
4. My favorite store is the one that (specializes) in hand-made chocolates and lets you sample them.
5. It is sad that when he is alone, he always drinks a(n) (massive) amount of alcohol to get himself drunk.
6. To our delight, this new smoke alarm system can effectively (detect) very weak signals.
7. We have sent our union (representative/representatives) to look into the case and see who is responsible.
8. James is famous for skillfully using white and black colors; however, bright colors (characterize) his early paintings.
9. I made a(n) (comparative) analysis between the two theories to show their similarities and differences.
10. The project is an important step toward a national health service, and the authorities (当局) are trying hard to
(modernize) the exercise facilities.
11. In recent years, the small city has taken on a new look because of its (explosive)
development.
12. A(n) (computerized) library system is one that stores all the records of the library on computer.
? Banked Cloze
There have been increased demands for higher education to provide students with better courses and more opportunities. To deal with this (1) (complex) issue, colleges and universities are turning to the Internet for quick (2) (access) to its rich educational resources. Now the Internet has been accepted as the (3) (preferred) technology to many other methods in colleges and universities. Many teachers now routinely (4) (post) their teaching materials online. A growing number of schools offer at least some (5) (undergraduate) courses over the Internet. There are two different models of making use of the Internet for higher education. The first model (6) (seeks) to improve existing courses by using the Internet. This model provides high-speed Internet (7) (connectivity) to all students, faculty, and staff. While this model uses the Internet, it doesn't (8) (require) many changes, and it keeps most existing institutional structures unchanged. A different, more revolutionary model regards the Internet as (9) (indispensable) to an important change in higher education, for it is believed that the Internet can (10) (transform) teacher-centered instruction into student-centered learning. This, as a result, will bring about basic change to our university education.
? Language Focus – Expressions in Use
1. I (fired off) a letter of complaint to the manager of the store as soon as I found they had sold me a pair of mismatched shoes.
2. People browse the Internet, read newspapers and watch TV to (keep up with) what is happening in the world.
3. The university has (set up) another large laboratory for students to design more complicated robots.
4. I find it very difficult to (account for) the fact that two of our best students failed the exam. 5. In the current economy, with unemployment high and competition for jobs fierce, your resume needs to
(stand out) for all the right reasons.
6. She is getting popular since she appeared in a TV interview last month. Her new movie will no doubt
(add to) her growing fame.
7. The developed countries should (take the lead) in reducing greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and provide support for the developing nations to follow.
8. If your spoken English is not very good, then you may be (at a disadvantage) when you are looking for a job.
9. Their success was due (in large part) to their well-conceived (周密策划的) plan.
10. He has been so occupied with his work these days that he barely has time to (visit with) his friends.
? Translation
? 英译汉
The London Underground is a rapid transit (交通运输系统) system in the United Kingdom, serving a large part of Greater London. The underground system is also known as the Tube, due to the characteristic shape of the subway tunnels. It all started in the mid-1800s. The Tube was the world's first underground train system, with the first section opening in 1863. Since then it has grown to an underground masterpiece (杰作) of 12 lines, 275 stations, and over 250 miles of rail track, 45% of which is underground. It is the fourth largest metro system in the world in terms of route miles. It also has one of the largest numbers of stations. As an affordable and easy way to get around London, the Tube remains the first choice for millions of commuters each day, as well as tourists visiting the city on holidays. The Tube has been an international icon for London. The London Underground celebrated its 150 years of operation in 2013, with various events marking the milestone (里程碑).