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能力提升题组训练(B)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2018苏锡常镇调研)

As countless unmade beds and unfinished homework assignments prove,kids need rules.Yet how parents make demands can powerfully influence a child’s social skills,psychologists at the University of Virginia recently found after the conclusion of a study investigating the transition from adolescence to adulthood.

Initially 184 13-year-olds filled out multiple surveys,including one to assess how often their parents employed psychologically controlling strategies,such as inducing guilt or threatening to withdraw affection.The kids rated,for example,how typical it would be for Dad to suggest that “ if I really cared for him,I would not do things that caused him to worry ” or for Mom to become “less friendly when I did not see things her way.”

The researchers followed up with the subjects at ages 18 and 21,asking the young adults to bring along a close friend and,later,a romantic partner if they had one.These pairs were asked to answer hypothetical (假设的) questions that were purposefully written to inspire a difference of opinion.“We wanted to see whether they could navigate a disagreement in a healthy way,”says study leader Barbara Oudekerk,now at the U.S. Department of Justice’s bureau of statistics.

In the October issue of Child Development,Oudekerk and her colleagues report that the 13-year-olds who had highly controlling parents struggled in friendly disagreements at age 18.They had difficulty stating their opinions in a confident, reasoned manner in comparison to the kids without controlling parents.And when they did speak up,they often failed to express themselves in warm and productive ways.

The researchers suspect that pushy parents ruin their child’s ability to learn how to argue his or her own viewpoint in other relationships.Although parents do need to set boundaries,domineering strategies imply that any disagreement will damage the bond itself.Separate findings suggest that parents who explain the reasons behind their rules and turn disagreements into conversations leave youngsters better prepared for future arguments.

The consequences of tense or domineering relationships appear to get worse with time.This study also found that social difficulties at 18 predicted even poorer communication abilities at age 21.Psychologist Shmuel Shulman of Bar-Ilan University in Israel,who did not participate in the work,thinks these conclusions convincingly reveal how relationship patterns “carry forward” into new friendships. 1.What will happen to the teenagers with pushy parents? A.They lose social skills.

B.They have trouble presenting opinions. C.They express themselves in an aggressive way.

D.They fail to inspire a difference of opinion.

2.What does the underlined word “domineering” in Paragraph 5 mean? A.alternative B.conservative C.powerful D.forceful

3.It can be inferred from the findings that parents should . A.communicate with children when setting rules B.learn new ways to establish new friendships

C.seek more controlling strategies D.help children develop abilities to follow rules.

语篇解读:本文是说明文。讲述了强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面往往比较困难,与他人沟通存在障碍。 答案及剖析:

1.B 细节理解题。根据第四段“They had difficulty stating their opinions...in warm and productive ways”和第五段“The researchers suspect...in other relationships” 可知强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面有困难。

2.D 猜测词义题。根据画线单词后的“any disagreement will damage the bond itself,”及前一句中的“pushy”可知画线单词意为“强势的”。

3.A 推理判断题。根据第五段“Separate findings suggest...for future arguments”可知父母应与孩子交流规则背后的原因,故选A。

B

About a quarter of the world drives on the left,and the countries that do are mostly old British colonies (殖民地) like Australia and Ireland.But Thailand,Indonesia and Japan also do so.

This strange quirk (奇事) puzzles the rest of the world;however,there is a perfectly good reason.Up to the late 1700’s,everybody travelled on the left side of the road because it’s the most sensible option for feudal (封建的),violent societies with mostly right-handed people.Soldiers with their swords under their right arm naturally passed on each other’s right,and if you passed a stranger on the road,you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between yourself and him.

Revolutionary France,however,overturned this practice as part of its sweeping social rethink.A change was carried out all over continental Europe by Napoleon.It changed under Napoleon because he was left-handed.His armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent.From then on,any part of colonized by the French travelled on the right.

After the American Revolutionary War (1775—1783),the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cast off all remaining links with its British colonial past.As America became the center of the car industry,if you wanted a good reliable vehicle,you bought American right-hand-drive cars.From then on,many countries changed out of necessity.

Today,the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe,but this is no longer possible.It would cost billions of pounds to change everything round.The last European country to change driving on the right was Sweden in 1967.While everyone was getting used to the new system,they paid more

attention and took more care,resulting in a reduction of the number of road accidents. 4.Why did people travel on the left before the late 18th century? A.They were required to do so. B.They were mostly left-handed. C.It was easier to cross the street.

D.They could feel safer from attacks.

5.What was Napoleon’s attitude to walking on the left? A.Support. B.Disapproval. C.Doubt. D.Sympathy. 6.For Americans,driving on the right was a way to show . A.the connection with France was broken B.the US was no longer ruled by the UK C.the American Revolution War had ended D.America was the center of the car industry

7.What is the main cause of the UK failing to adopt the new system? A.Its high costs to change. B.Its increasing traffic accidents. C.Its influence on colonies.

D.Its fast-developing car industry.

语篇解读:本文讲述了一些国家在左侧行走的原因及部分国家后来改变这一传统的原因和 过程。 答案及剖析:

4.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Up to the late 1700’s,everybody travelled on the left side of the road because it’s the most sensible option for feudal (封建的), violent societies with mostly right-handed people.及...if you passed a stranger on the road,...ensure that your protective sword arm was between yourself and him.可知,当时人们在左侧走是因为会感到更安全,故选D。

5.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中It changed under Napoleon because he was left-handed. His armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent.可知,拿破仑对在左侧走是不赞成的,故选B。

6.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中...the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cast off all remaining links with its British colonial past.可知,美国改变英国传统是想表示不再受英国统治,故选B。

7.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Today,the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe,but this is no longer possible.It would cost billions of pounds to change everything round.可知,英国没有采用右侧走是因为花费太高,故选A。 Ⅱ.语法填空

(2018石家庄高三质检)

We can always hear 1. (voice) comparing the education systems in China and the US.It’s true that there exist a lot of differences,but this cannot be an excuse 2. having a passive attitude toward studying in China.

When I came back from the US last year and continued my senior middle school education in China,I sensed many great differences.I thought that school in China was too hard for us students,and 3. we