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摘 要

本论文是用89C51型单片机对中央空调空气源热泵控制器进行的硬件电路设计。系统可分为电源电路、驱动电路、采集电路、保护电路和显示电路等部分。出于抗干扰及强弱电隔离等方面的考虑，对驱动电路、保护电路、采集电路，论文中进行了光耦隔离处理。对于单片机内部的干扰，文中设置了看门狗电路，随时准备引导单片机恢复正常的工作状态。对于工作电源中的尖峰波干扰，本设计中通过增加一定数量的电容、电感器件进行削弱。系统中的处理信号为温度，而温度信号具有缓变性，所以采用串行的方式即可满足采集、显示等部分的电路设计，这种设计同时为单片机节省了大量的可用端口。由于编程的需要必须进行内存空间的拓展。端口数量的限制决定了只能采用串行的方式。为了满足和计算机之间的通讯，我们采用了RS485这种高质量的通讯方式。通过对控制器各个模块的独立设计，达到了对整个空调系统的控制。

关键词:中央空调、热泵、供应链管理、串行通信

Abstract

This thesis is used for central air conditioning type 89C51 microcontroller air source . System can be divided into power supply circuit, drive circuit, acquisition circuit, protect circuit and

display circuit. Strong anti-interference and electrical isolation from the aspects of driving circuit, and protect circuit, acquisition circuit, the thesis conducted light-coupler isolation. For internal interference, the chip set watch-dog circuit chip, ready to resume normal work guide. The peak work power for the design and by increasing the amount of capacitance and inductance components to weaken. The signal processing system for temperature and temperature signal , so using serial manner can satisfy collection, such as part of the circuit design, such as chip design can save them a lot of usable port .Due to the needs of programming to extend the memory space .Limits on the number of ports determines the serial manner. In order to satisfy the communication between computer and, we adopt RS485 this mode .Through the controller design, the independent modules to the air conditioning system of the control.

Key words: central air conditioning, pump, SCM, serial communication

目 录

第1章 绪论 ............................................................................................................................................. 2

1.1概述 ............................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2研究内容 .................................................................................................................................... 3 第2章 空气源热泵控制系统的工作原理 ........................................................................................... 4

2.1工作原理 .................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2发展前景 .................................................................................................................................... 5 第3章硬件电路设计 ............................................................................................................................... 6

3.1系统硬件结构框图 .................................................................................................................... 6 3.2电源电路设计 ............................................................................................................................ 6 3.3单片机的时钟、复位电路设计 ................................................................................................ 7

3.3.1内部时钟方式 ................................................................................................................ 7 3.3.2外部时钟方式 ................................................................................................................ 8 3.3.3复位电路 ........................................................................................................................ 9 3.4驱动电路设计 .......................................................................................................................... 10

3.4.1直流电磁式继电器功率接口 ...................................................................................... 10 3.4.2交流电磁式继电器功率接口 ...................................................................................... 11 3.4.3光耦合双向可控硅驱动器 .......................................................................................... 12 3.5保护电路设计 .......................................................................................................................... 14 3.6采集电路设计 .......................................................................................................................... 17

3.6.1AD转换电路 .................................................................................................................. 17 3.6.2.传感器选择 ................................................................................................................. 19 3.7显示电路设计 .......................................................................................................................... 23

3.7.1CH451的概述 ................................................................................................................ 23 3.7.2单片机与CH451的连接 .............................................................................................. 24

3.8内存拓展电路 .......................................................................................................................... 25

3.8.1芯片AT24C32简介 ...................................................................................................... 25 3.8.2拓展电路实际连接 ...................................................................................................... 26 3.9通讯电路 .................................................................................................................................. 26

3.9.1.串口通信口RS232 ...................................................................................................... 26 3.9.2.串行通信口RS485和RS422 ...................................................................................... 29 3.9.3RS-485接口与 .............................................................................................................. 30 3.10大功率音频扬声器 ................................................................................................................ 31 第4章防干扰设计 ................................................................................................................................. 33

4.1单片机系统硬件抗干扰的常用方法： .................................................................................. 33 4.2单片机自身的抗干扰措施 ...................................................................................................... 34 4.3提高单片机系统抗干扰能力的主要手段 .............................................................................. 37 第5章 总 结 ....................................................................................................................................... 43 参考文献 ................................................................................................................................................. 44 致 谢 ..................................................................................................................................................... 45 附图 ......................................................................................................................................................... 46

第1章 绪论

1.1概述

在二十世纪六,七十年代,美国地区发生罕见的干旱天气,为解决干旱缺水地区的空调冷热源问题,美国率先研制出风冷式冷水机,用空气散热代替冷却塔,其英文名称是:Air cool Chiller,简称为Chiller!