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本 科 生 毕 业 论 文（设 计）

题 目： 变电站防雷接地技术

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层 次： 专 业： 年 级： 年 春秋 季 学 号： 学 生： 指导教师： 完成日期： 年 月 日

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内容摘要

变电站是电力系统中对电能的电压和电流进行变换、集中和分配的场所，是联系发电厂与电力用户的纽带，担负着电压变换和电能分配的重要任务。如果变电所发生雷击事故，会给国家和人民造成巨大的损失。所以变电所的防雷是不可忽视的问题。随着电力系统的快速发展，使得电能这一清洁能源在人民生产、生活中得到了普遍使用。但当高压输电网在为人们提供动力和照明时，不能忽视自然界产生的雷电对高压输变电设备产生的大量危害。因此，必须加强变电站防雷接地问题的认识与研究。

本论文针对目前变电站设备中防雷接地技术的中存在的问题，针对35KV变电站进行防雷接地保护设计；根据变电站国家防雷接地标准，结合35KV变电站电气接线图以及具体情况，学习利用各种防雷接地装置等，实现对变电站的直击雷防护、雷电侵入波防护以及变电站的接地保护设计。

关键词：变电站；防雷接地；直击雷防护；雷电侵入波防护

目 录

内容摘要 ····························································································· I 1 绪论 ······························································································· 1

1.1 变电站防雷接地的意义 ······························································ 1 1.2 变电站防雷接地的研究背景 ························································ 1 1.3 本次论文的主要工作 ································································· 4 2 变电站的防雷保护 ············································································ 6

2.1 变电站的直击雷保护 ·································································· 8 2.2 变电站的侵入波保护 ······························································· 11 2.3 变电站的进线段保护 ······························································· 12 2.4 避雷针与避雷线的保护范围的计算 ············································· 14 3 变电站的防雷接地 ·········································································· 16

3.1 接地概述 ·············································································· 16 3.2 接地电阻 ·············································································· 17 3.3 变电所接地装置 ····································································· 18 3.4 变电站的接地原则 ·································································· 18 3.5 降低变电所接地装置工频接地电阻的措施···································· 18 4 变电所防雷接地设计实例 ································································· 20

4.1 变电所的规模 ········································································ 20 4.2 变电所位置的自然条件 ···························································· 20 4.3 避雷针的设置及防雷保护校验 ··················································· 21 4.4 接地装置的设置 ····································································· 22 5 结论 ····························································································· 24 参考文献 ··························································································· 25 附 录 ····························································································· 26