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英语语音基础知识与训练(一)

语音教学是语言教学的重要内容之一。自然规范的语音、语调将为有效的口语交际打下良好的基础。语音教学应注重语义与语境、语调与语流相结合，要强调语音、语调在实际口语交流中的运用。英语有不同的口音，如：英国口音、美国口音等。 学生在基本掌握一种口音的基础上，适当接触不同的口音，为发展交际能力打下基础。

26个字母音标表

A a F f K k P p U u Z z

[ei] [ef] [kei] [pi:] [ju:] [zi:][zed]

B b G g L l Q q V v

[bi:] [d?i:] [el] [kju:] [vi:]

C c H h M m R r W w

[si:] [eit∫] [em] [ɑ:] [′d?blju:]

D d I i N n S s X x

[di:] [ai] [en] [es] [eks]

E e J j O o T t Y y

[i:] [d?ei] [?u] [ti:] [wai]

英语音标表：共48个

关于语音的几个概念

1）字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u, 2）音标：词的语音形式。

3）音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。

4）音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, un'der'stand ， tea'cher,

5）元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不受阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 6）辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 7）开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi

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8）闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it 9）重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 元音 ：比较下列元音发音 1. 比较下列元音发音

1)[ i: ] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling, believe 2)[ i ] sit, build, miss, myth 3)[ e ] bed, desk, head, wedding 4)[ ? ] bad, land, bank, stamp

5)[ a: ] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt 6)[ ?] hot, want, cock, coffee, hospital, long

7)[ ? : ] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught 8)[ u: ] tooth, who, blue, soup, choose, June, rule 9) [ u ] look, put, woman, could , wood, cook, push

10)[? ] cup, come, blood, rough , touch, son, sun，mother, month, love 11)[ ?: ] girl, work, serve, nurse , early, service

12)[ ? ] ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday 13)[ ei ] cake, they, play, eight, great, break

14)[ ai ] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye 15)[ ?u] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow, flow, blow 16)[ au ] cow, how, house, town , mountain, cloud 17)[?i ] boy, oil , joy, join, spoil, boil, enjoy, noise 18)[ i? ] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, tear, nearby

19)[ ?? ] pear, care, there, fair , dare, tear, bear, bare, parent 20) [u? ] tour, poor, sure, cruel, rural, tourist

2.容易混淆的元音

1)[ e ] [? ] bed, bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land 2)[ i:] [ ei ] real, rail; greet, great; mean, main; read, raid 3)[ e ] [ ai ] bet, bite; red, write; said,side, head, hide 4)[ au ] [?:] house, horse; loud lord; south, sauce; 5)[au] [? ] found, fond; gown, gone; down, don 辅音

1. 比较下列辅音发音

1)[p] pen, plane, place, play, polite

2)[b] bed, bathe,bag, bath, baggage, barber 3)[t] tell, tooth, ten, text, task, take

4)[d]day, played, said,dive, divide, loved

5)[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box 6)[g] big, go, guess, language 7)[m] man ,maths, match, mum 8)[n] nine, knife,noise, knowledge 9)[ ? ] bank, uncle, English, sing 10)[ l ] land, world , last, least

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11)[ r ] read, write, ride, right 12)[ f ] five, cough, laugh ,photo 13)[ v ] voice, of, vote ,five 14)[θ] think, thank, breath, bath 15)[ e ] this, breathe, bathe, therefore 16)[ s ] sit, miss, science, case, scarf 17)[ z ] zoo, close, nose, houses

18)[?] sure, she, social, nation , sheep, shop, show, shy 19)[?] pleasure, measure, decision, television, garage 20)[ h ] hot, who, whose, house, whom, horse 21)[ w ] wall, what, where, whether, weather 22)[ j ] yes ,year, yet, yellow

23)[t?] child, teach, catch , fetch, match, watch 24)[d?] joke, bridge, orange, judge

25)[ ts ] boats, coats, cats, roots, points, tests 26)[dz ] goods, aids, reads, seeds, lands 27)[ tr ] tree, try, trick, true, track 28)[dr ] dream, drive, drop, dry, drip 2. 容易混淆的辅音

1)[v] [w ] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

2)[s] [θ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math 3)[z] [e ] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes

4)[n] [? ] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang ; win wing; ran rang

英语语音基础知识（二）

----音节与元音字母a,e.,i的发音变化规律

英语的拼读已经反映出其读音了，应该了解英语单词的拼读规律。英语是一种拼音文字，如果不认真总结单词里每个音节的读音规则，不把单词的拼写形式与其读音联系在一起，不清楚单词的拼写形式和读音之间的内在对应关系，那么，记英语单词就会成为沉重的负担。 而掌握读音规则，可以把英语单词的拼写和读音做为一个整体来掌握，见到一个单词就可以根据其拼写形式读其音；反过来，听到一个单词的发音，就能够根据其读音拼写出这个单词来。这样把拼写和拼读当成一个整体来对待。记住了词形，也就记住了读音，记住了读音也就等于记住了这个词的拼写形式。

一、英语的基本拼读规则

1．元音字母a及其字母组合的读音（见表1.1）

元音字母和字读 音 说 明 母组合 grade，face，table，name, race, grape 3

例 词 例 外 have [h?v,h?v] vase [vɑ:z, veis] a [ei ] 在重读开音节中