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河南理工大学本科毕业论文

本 科 毕 业 设 计（论文）

题目 基于MATLAB的坐标转换

院（系部）测绘与国土信息工程学院

专业名称 测绘工程 年级班级 10-5 学生姓名 刘威 指导教师 胡圣武

2014年 5月 25日

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河南理工大学本科毕业论文

摘要

本文的目的是使用第四代编程软件MATLAB来实现大地测量学中坐标转换的程序编写。为实现国际测量数据的共享和我国不同时期下不同坐标系下数据成果的有效利用，坐标转换是一项具有现实意义的工作。而MATLAB软件界面友好，编程效率高，它以矩阵作为最基本的数据结构，具有强大而方便的矩阵转置、求逆、相乘等计算能力而且它能方便的进行大规模的数据处理，代码也十分简洁。这些优点使得它在工程计算中应用越来越广泛。因此使用MATLAB实现坐标转换乃至编制坐标转换系统具有工程应用上的意义。

本文先对MATLAB软件的发展历程、功能、特点、编程基本知识进行了介绍，然后叙述了大地测量学中坐标转换的基本概念，重点阐述了坐标转换的理论和方法及其数学模型。又对坐标转换中的空间直角坐标与大地坐标系之间的互换，高斯正反算以及七参数的空间直角转换模型进行了程序框图设计，并写出对应的MATLAB函数程序（附于附录中）。最后以珠穆朗玛峰峰顶坐标为实例进行计算并把计算结果与中海达坐标转换软件进行对比从而验证了文中空间直角坐标与大地坐标的计算的准确性，又对三个已知点坐标进行高斯正反算并将计算结果与中海达坐标转换软件进行了对比，验证了文中用MATLAB实现高斯正反算的计算的准确性和可靠性，并且以用文中提供的七参数计算程序，计算得出了已知WGS-84坐标和1954北京坐标系下三重合点坐标的从WGS-84坐标系向1954北京坐标系的七参数解。

关键字：MATLAB程序; 坐标转换; 程序框图; 七参数

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河南理工大学本科毕业论文

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to use the fourth generation programming software MATLAB to realize the program writing of coordinate transformation in geodesy. In order to achieve the sharing of international measurement data and effective using data results under different coordinate system during the different period of our country, coordinate transformation is a work full of realistic significance. The MATLAB is a Software with friendly interface, high efficiency, it takes matrix as the basic data structure, with a powerful and convenient matrix transpose, inverse, multiply computing capacity and it can be convenient for large-scale data processing, the code is also very concise. These advantages make it more and more widely applied in engineering calculation. So using MATLAB software to realize coordinate transformation or make coordinate conversion system is significant on engineering application.

In this article, first introduced the development, function, characteristic, basic knowledge of programming of MATLAB software, and then describes the basic concept of coordinate transformation in geodesy, in which expounds the theory and method of coordinate transformation and its mathematical model. The article displayed the program block diagram of the coordinate transformation between space rectangular coordinate and geodetic coordinate system, positive and negative gauss calculation and seven parameters of spatial orthogonal transformation model and writed the MATLAB function (attached to the appendix). As an actual example, the paper used Mt. Everest summit coordinate to calculate its geodetic coordinate and spatial orthogonal coordinate, and compared the result with Zhonghaida Software .In the positive and negative gauss calculation ,the paper calculated three known point and compared the result with Zhonghaida Software , proved the accurate and reliable of MATLAB. And the article gave out the seven parameters solution of WGS-84 coordinate system to 1954 Beijing coordinate system by three coincident point of them.

Keywords: MATLAB Procedures; Coordinate Transformation; Block Diagram

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河南理工大学本科毕业论文

目录

第一章 引言 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1绪论.......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究现状 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 本文研究的主要内容 ............................................................................................. 2 第二章MATLAB软件的基本功能及特点 ................................................................ 4 2.1 MATLAB的发展历程及基本功能 ....................................................................... 4 2.2 MATLAB的优点 ................................................................................................... 5 2.3 MATLAB程序设计基础 ....................................................................................... 6 2.3.1 MATLAB程序设计的基本原则 ......................................................................... 7 2.3.2 MATLAB中的变量和常量 ................................................................................. 7 2.3.3矩阵运算基本操作 ............................................................................................... 7 第三章 大地测量坐标系统及其转换 ......................................................................... 9 3.1 地球、大地水准面及参考椭球面的基本定义及关系 ........................................ 9 3.2 大地测量基准 ....................................................................................................... 10 3.3 常用椭球坐标系及坐标形式 ............................................................................... 10 3.3.1地心坐标系 ......................................................................................................... 10 3.3.2参心坐标系 ......................................................................................................... 12 3.3.3常用坐标形式 ..................................................................................................... 14 3.4坐标系转换的模型及其公式表示 ....................................................................... 16 3.4.1同一参考椭球下不同坐标形式的转换 ............................................................. 17 3.4.2不同参考椭球下坐标的转换 ............................................................................. 20 第四章 坐标转换程序设计 ....................................................................................... 21 4.1坐标转换总思路设计 ........................................................................................... 21 4.2具体程序框图设计 ............................................................................................... 21 4.2.1同一椭球参数下大地坐标与空间直角坐标之间的转换框图设计 ................. 22 4.2.2同一椭球参数下大地坐标与高斯平面坐标的转换框图设计 ......................... 23 第五章 实例应用 ....................................................................................................... 24 5.1大地坐标与空间直角坐标间换算实例 ............................................................... 24 5.2高斯正反算实例 ................................................................................................... 27 5.3不同参考椭球基准下的坐标转换实例 ............................................................... 29

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河南理工大学本科毕业论文

第六章 结论与展望 ................................................................................................... 30 致谢.............................................................................................................................. 31 参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 32 附录.............................................................................................................................. 33

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