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Book4 Unit 1 语法学案

Subject---Verb Agreement (主谓一致)

主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，主谓语一致需要遵循三个基本原则: 语法形式一致原则, 语言意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

一、语法形式一致原则：即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。语法一致体现在以下几种情况： 1. 划出下面句子的主语和谓语

Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit. To see is to believe.

Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. This book is worth reading.

Water is very important for life.

归纳：当__________, ________, ________单数可数名词，不可数名词，作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数形式。

动词不定式(短语) 动名词(短语) 单句从句 翻译以下句子： 1）学好英语并不容易。

__________________________To study English well is not easy. 2）在太阳下看书对眼睛不好。

________________Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

3）他所说的是正确的。_____________________________What he said is true. 2. 划出下面句子的主语和谓语，并说出主语表达的意思。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家 )

The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家 ) 归纳：当主语由and连接时，如果表示同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用_____(单数/复数)，此时and后面的名词______(无/有)冠词。如表示不同的人或物时，谓语动词用______(单数/复数)，此时and后面的名词_______(无/有)冠词。 单数 无 复数 有

1) The League secretary and the monitor ___ (were/was) asked to make a speech at the meeting.

2) A knife and fork___ (is/are) used to have meals.

3) The singer and dancer _____ (is/are) giving a performance on the stage. 4) The singer and the dancer _____(is/are) giving a performance on the stage. were is is are

3. 划出下面句子的主语和谓语

Has everybody finished their drinks? 每个人都喝完饮料了吗？

Nothing remains of the old house but the cellar hole. 老房子除了这个狭小简陋的酒窖之外什么也没留下。

归纳：句子中的everybody 和nothing 是__________，作主语时，谓语动词用_____(单数/复数)形式。相同用法的不定代词还有something, someone, anything, anybody (即由every，some，any，no等构成的不定代词) 或由each, every构成的__________短语,如each student, every book等。 不定代词 单数 名词短语

1) Something ____ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch.

2) Anybody who _______ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. 3) Nothing ____is (is/are) better than my delicious food. 4) Each of us ____ (has / have) a tape-recorder.

5) Every student in Class 81 ____ (has / have) passed the mid-term exam. has breaks is has has 注意，请看以下两个例子：

Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每个学生和老师都发了一张票。

Many a man and woman wishes that he or she had a better education. 许多人都希望自己受到良好的教育。

两个并列的名词前如果有each， every， no， many a 等修饰时，谓语动词仍然要用 _____（单数/复数）形式。单数

1） Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much.(enjoy) 2） No boy and no girl likes it.(like) 4、划出下面句子的主语和谓语

Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱花在书上了。

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。

归纳：分数或百分数+of …，the rest of …, the majority of …，half of …, some of …，all of …，most of … 等作主语时, 谓语动词的形式通常与of 后面的名词或短语保持一致。

Ten percent of the pupils _____ (is/are) absent today. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ____( is/are) sea. The majority of the damage _____ (is/are) easy to repair.

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The rest of the books _____ (is/are) on the table. are is is are

5、划出下面句子的主语和谓语

The teacher with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。

He as well as I wants to go boating. 他和我都想去划船。

归纳：主语The teacher和He后面分别接说明主语的修饰语with some students 和as well as I，但谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持与主语一致的关系。这种修饰语还有along with，together with，like, than，but，except，besides，including等。

1) Everybody except you _____(looks/look) down upon me. 2) A woman with two children ______(has/have) come. 3) John, rather than his roommates, ____ (is/are) to blame.

4) Jim, together with his classmates, _____ (has/have) seen the film. 5) The two little girls, with their lovely panda toy, _________(decides/decide) to go to the park. looks has is has decide

二、语言意义一致原则：即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。 1. 划出下面句子的主语和谓语

His family is very large. 他家是一个大家庭。

His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

The group is made up of nine students.这个小组是由9个学生组成。 The group are dancing happily.这个小组的人正在热舞。

归纳：由集体名词,如group, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, family, audience, club, party, crew等作主语时,如果看成一个______(各成员/整体)，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成________ (其中各成员/整体)，则用复数形式. 整体 其中各成员

1) The class (is, are) more than forty in number.

2) The class (have, has) disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.

3) The government (has, have) spent more than two million yuan in planting trees.

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4) The city government ( has, have) different opinions about next year’s plan.

is have has have 2. 划出下面句子的主语和谓语

The cattle are in the shed. 牛在牛棚里。 The police are searching for him. 警方正在找他。

归纳：表示总称意义的名词, 如police，cattle，people， force，folk，beast， youth 等作主语时, 谓语动词用 ____形式。

People __________ talking about the news. are 3. 划出下面句子的主语和谓语

The species of fish are numerous. 鱼的种类很多。 This species of rose is very rare. 这种玫瑰很稀少。

归纳：单复数形式相同的名词作主语，谓语动词应根据意义决定单复数。此类词常见的有：species，crossroads， deer，fish， sheep， means， works 。 1） All possible means _______ ( has, have)been tried.(have) 2） Every means _________ ( has, have)been tried.(have) 3） A group of sheep _________ (is, are)being chased by wolves. 4） A injured sheep ________ (is, are)lying on the grassland. have has are is 4. 观察以下两个句子：

None of the telephones is/are working. 没有一部电话不是坏的。

None of the information about him has been received. 关于他的消息一点也没收到。

归纳:none of 后面如果连接的是不可数名词，谓语动词用 _____(单数/复数)形式；如果后面接的是可数名词，则谓语动词既可用_____(单数/复数)形式，也可用_____ (单数/复数)形式。单数 复数 单数

1) None of them ________ arrived yet. (have) 2) None of this money ______ mine. (be) have/has is

5. 表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语时，表达一个整体概念, 谓语动词用单数形式; 1) Two years ______ passed since I left Ningbo.

A. has B. have C. are D. is

2) One million dollars ______is (be) a great sum of money.

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3) 5500 kilometers _______is (be) a very long distance for the two girls riding their bikes. A is is

6. 有一些以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics, the United States ,works等。 1)

Every means ______ been tried since then.

has B. have C. are D. is

A. 2) 3)

No news ____ good news. (is / are)

Maths / physics _____ the subject that I like most. (is / are) A is is

三、就近一致原则：即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的名词或代词的单复数。 判断以下句子正误：

1. 划出下面句子的主语和谓语 1) He or I am in the wrong.

2) Either you or she is good at drawing. 3) Neither he nor you is right. 4) Not you but I am to blame.

5) Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film. T T F T T

归纳: 由连词or, ____________，neither … nor …, ___________, not only ...but also ...连接并列主语时, 谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。 either ...or ... not …but … 2. 划出下面句子的主语和谓语

Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你一支笔，几个信封和一些纸。

There is a lamp, two pens and six books on the desk. 桌子上有一盏灯，两支钢笔和六本书。

归纳: 由here， there等引导的倒装句中，谓语动词与其后的主语 ________； 如果主语是多个并列的主语，谓语动词与其最相邻的主语 ________。 保持一致； 保持一致 练习：

1) Not only you but also he ____ wrong. (is/are) 2) Neither you nor he ___ right. (is/are)

3) There ___ two shops and a cinema beside the railway station. (is/are)

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