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河南科技大学毕业设计（论文） 基于单片机的心率计设计

摘 要

心率是指单位时间内心脏搏动的次数，包含了许多重要的生理、病理信息，特别是与心脑血管相关的信息，是生物医学检测中一个重要的生理指标，也是临床常规诊断的生理指标；因此迅速准确地测量心率便显得尤为重要。随着医疗水平和人们生活水平的提高，快速、准确、便携式心率计便成为一种新的发展趋势，同时伴随着单片机技术的发展，基于单片机的便携式心率计便不失为一个好的选择。

本心率计共有三大部分，分别为：传感器部分、信号处理部分、单片机控制部分。传感器部分采用光电式传感器实现对信号采集；信号处理部分则采用放大、滤波、波形变换等方法实现信号的有效处理；而单片机部分则实现对心率的计数和显示功能。通过这三部分的有效组合初步实现对人体心率的一个有效计数。

信号采集采用光电式传感器通过对手指末端透光度的监测，实现信号的采集；信号放大则采用四运放运算放大器LM324，波形变换采用555定时器构成反向施密特触发器；单片机控制模块则采用AT89C51微处理器和相关元器件通过C语言编程实现计数和显示功能。

关键词：心率，光电式传感器，信号处理，AT89C51

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河南科技大学毕业设计（论文） DESIGN OF HEART RATE METER BASED ON MCU

ABSTRACT

Heart rate is refering to the number in unit time of the heart beating, contains many important physiological and pathological information, especially information associated with cardiovascular, biomedical detection an important physiological indexes, and routine clinical diagnosis of physiological indexes; so quickly and accurately measuring heart rate appears to be particularly important. With the improvement of medical level and people's living standards, rapid, accurate and portable heart rate meter has become a new trend, accompanied by the development of SCM technology, will not be regarded as a good choice of meter based on microcontroller portable heart rate.

Heart rate meter consists of three parts, respectively: sensor part, signal processing part, MCU control part. Part of the sensor using photoelectric sensor achieved the signal of the signal acquisition; signal processing part uses the amplification, filtering, waveform transform method to effectively deal with; and part of SCM is to achieve counting on heart rate and display function. Through the effective combination of these three parts, an effective count of human heart rate is realized..

Signals were collected using photoelectric sensor through the monitoring of the degree of light at the end of a finger, to realize the signal acquisition; signal amplification four operational amplifier LM324 operational amplifier is used, the waveform transform the 555 timer constitute reverse Schmitt trigger; MCU control module is used AT89C51 microprocessor and related components by C language programming counting and display function.

KEY WORDS: heart rate, sensor photoelectric, signal processing, AT89C51

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河南科技大学毕业设计（论文） 目 录

前 言 .................................................................................................. 1 第一章 系统设计的整体构思 ........................................................... 3 第二章 各元器件介绍 ....................................................................... 4

§2.1 LM324 .................................................................................. 4

§2.1.1 LM324简述 ............................................................... 4 §2.1.2 LM324主要特点 ....................................................... 4 §2.1.3 LM324引脚图 ........................................................... 5 §2.2 555定时器 ........................................................................... 5 §2.3 单片机型号介绍 ................................................................. 6

§2.3.1 单片机简介 ............................................................... 6 §2.3.2 51子系列的主要功能 ................................................ 7 §2.3.3 AT89C51引脚 ............................................................ 7 §2.4 74HC245 .............................................................................. 9

§2.4.1 74HC245简述 ............................................................ 9 §2.4.2 74HC245的特点 ........................................................ 9 §2.4.3 74HC245引脚 .......................................................... 10 §2.5 74LS138 ............................................................................. 10

§2.5.1 74LS138简述........................................................... 10 §2.5.2 74LS138主要特性 ................................................... 10 §2.5.3 74LS138引脚图 ....................................................... 11

第三章 软件介绍 ............................................................................. 12

§3.1 KeilC51高级语言集成开发环境—uVision4 IDE ............. 12

§3.1.1 KeilC51简介............................................................ 12 §3.1.2 uVision4 IDE集成开发环境 .................................... 12 §3.1.3 uVision4 IDE仿真过程 ........................................... 13 §3.2 Proteus ............................................................................... 14

§3.2.1 Proteus简述 ............................................................. 14 §3.2.2 Proteus主界面 ......................................................... 15

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