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语法填空--连词关系词剪辑
从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；②定语从句；③状语从句。非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态(过去分词除外)，也可以有自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词短语。由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。
类型一：复合句和并列句
有些句子较长，有时甚至出现一个从句套另一个从句环环相扣的情况，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列、平行。 例如1：(2007年广东卷)
“Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ___32___ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house．”
注解： 全句是一个由when连接的并列句，并列连词when 意为“就在这时”。前一分句前有作状语的现在分词短语Cursing my misfortune，分句中还有where引导的宾语从句；在第二个并列分句中含有that引导的宾语从句，而宾语从句中又有一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰villagers；在这个宾语从句中的复合介词as to (至于) 后还接有一个宾语从句。32空 要填的词是引导宾语从句且在从句中充当主语，指人，所以答案为 who。
例2：(2009佛山二模)
In Japan，for example，it is normal for the woman to send chocolates to the man, ___37___ in Korea April 14th is known as “Black Day” and is when the unfortunate men who received nothing on Valentine’s Day gather to eat noodles and show sympathy for each other．
注解：因In Japan, it is…与in Korea April 14th is…两句之间没有连词或分号应当填连词，两句之间是对比关系，故填并列连词while。在后一分句中when引导表语从句，在表语从句中主语the unfortunate men后接定语从句who received nothing on Valentine’s Day，而gather to eat noodles and show sympathy for each other是并列谓语。
类型二：复杂修饰成分
句子本不难，但是修饰成分多且长。在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语或非谓语动词短语，且都不止一个。
例3：(2009茂名一模)
In Indonesia, where Obama lived ___35___ a child, hundreds of students at his former elementary school erupted in cheers when he ___36___ (declare) winner, pouring into the courtyard ___37___ they hugged, danced in the rain and chanted “Obama! Obama!”
注解：这个句子的主句为hundreds of students erupted in cheers。这个句子修饰语很多：①地点状语In Indonesia，后跟where引导的非限制性定语从句，对Indonesia 起补充说明作用；②由when引导的时间状语从句；③现在分词短语 pouring into the courtyard作状语，后跟where引导的定语从句，定语从句中有三个并列的谓语动词。(答案：35. as 36. was declared 37. where)
例4：(2009肇庆质量检测)
Being very short of money and wanting to do something ___32___ (use), I applied, fearing as I did so, that ___33___ a degree and with no experience of teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.
注解： 这个句子的主句为I applied。前面两个并列的现在分词短语Being very short of money and wanting to do something ___32___ (use)，做原因状语；后面一个现在分词短语fearing作伴随状语，fearing后跟as 引导的状语从句和that引导的宾语从句；在that my chances of getting the job were slim这个宾语从句中，两个并列的介词短语without a degree and with no experience of teaching在宾语从句中作原因状语。(32. useful 33. without)
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类型三：分隔结构
有些句子将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来。考试中出现较多的是先行词与定语从句的分隔，主语与谓语的分隔。
例5：(2007年广东卷)
“While she was getting me ___34___ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my Car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometers away ____36___ there was a garage.”
由 36空(where)引导的定语从句与先行词a small town之间被some 20 kilometers away分隔开了，对解题造成一定难度。(34. settled 35. a 36. where)
例6：Some are young people ___37___, for one reason or another, have left home and have nowhere to live. 主句为Some are young people。先行词 young people后接定语从句，其中充当主语的关系代词与从句的谓语被for one reason or another分割。
例7：(2008广州二模)
But the lives of the ancient people who once lived around the lake and 31 culture was thought to be highly advanced, have long remained a secret.
句子的主干是the lives of the ancient people have long remained a secret. 在the ancient people后面带有两个定语从句，一个由who引导, 另一个由whose 引导，主句的主语与谓语之间隔着两个定语从句。(31. whose)
巩固练习
按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
1.(2009年广东卷)Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not ___33___ pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or ___34___ (push)you with their elbows(肘部)，hurrying ahead to get to a bargain．
2.(2009广州一模)The boy, who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home, ___34___ (reply) in a way that shocked his father.
3.(2009广州一模)He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night stars to give them light___35___ his family had only expensive lanterns.
4.(2009汕头一模)38 he was discouraged or faced difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful child___39___ had put it there. 5.(2009广州调研)From that day the cat, ___40___ never finished and lost his place on the calendar, became the enemy of the rat.
6.(2008深圳一模)All of a sudden, her handicap was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl, ___35___ smile just melted me ___36___ almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of ___37___ life is all about. 7.(2008佛山二模)They broke through two glass doors, ___36___ (run) to the museum’s top floor and grabbed the two paintings from different rooms, somehow ___37___ (avoid) nearby guards. 8. But each time you try something，you learn，and___39___ the learning piles up，the world opens to you. 9. He got some odd bits of cloth, ___38___ (make) two rolls with them, and had his ears plugged with the two cloth rolls.
10. Many of them have had a serious disagreement with their parents and have left home, ___38___ (choose) to go to a city and live on the streets.
11. But now, he will probably look out of the window or hide behind his newspaper, ___32___ (leave) the lady standing___33___ someone else gets off. 12. There are moments in life ___31___ you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real!
13.The custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and ___32___ (remain) in fashion ___33___the end of the Qing Dynasty.
14. These visitors from all parts of the country brought in money, but the rubbish they left ___36___ (draw) more and more rats onto the island.
15. So now, ___38___ I travel, I always bear in mind what I should bring in, ___39___ I don’t want to bring anything that is strange, ___40___ (need) or even dangerous to my destination. 参考答案：
1. (33. a 34. pushed ) 2. (34. replied.)
3. (35. while／because／as ) 4. (38. Whenever/When 39. who)
5. (40. who) 6. (35．whose 36．and 37．what) 7. (36. ran 37. avoiding ) 8. (39.as)
9. (38. made) 10. (38. choosing) 11. (32. leaving 33. until) 12. (31. when) 13. (32.remained 33. until/till) 14. (36. drew) 15. (38. whenever 39. because 40. unneeded)
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历年考试题目剪辑：
1:For three years, no matter __33___ the weather was like, she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00 am. 33.what
2: In France most of the people want to have a very long time for lunch. In Britain it doesn't seem to be important__31__people take a cup of tea and a very quick sandwich and it's OK. 31.because
3： When you're in the United States people want to know ___39___ you are, they tend to speak to you, to find out who you are,___40____ you're doing. 39.who 40.what
4: It seems that the porter on duty today did not believe 39 the guest had made any request for tickets. 39.that 5: Young person should travel not only to find out about the present 31 to find out about the future. 31.but. 6: A grand tour today should be the opposite of 32 it was in the past. 32.what 7: 33 owned the ring would have bad luck. 33.Whoever
8: Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment ____31_____would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, ____32___I could hardly claim to know my way around the continent. ___ 33 _____, my knowledge of foreign languages was limited to a little college French. 31.that 32. but 33. Moreover/Besides/ Furthermore 9: In 1889, she established a settlement house ___32____she initiated many projects such as hot-lunch service for factory workers, day-care centers for little children, free ___33____(class) for young people , a gymnasium and art gallery for adults . Immigrants ___34____ other poor people came to her settlement house for advice and help as well as for fun . 32.where 33. classes 34. and
10. Later, settlement houses of a similar kind ___38____(found) in many poor neighborhoods to make the poor more ___39___(meaning). In 1931, jane Adams was awarded the Nobel Prize for ___40____ she had done for society. 39 meaningful 40.what
11: Next day, when he was about to drink wine, he also remembered __37__ he promised to Allah. What 12: He decides 34 to do. Sometimes they need a face-to-face interview with people 36 do telephone interviews. Meanwhile, the picture editor sends photographers to take the right photographs 37 will be used later. 34 what 36 or 37 that/which
13: They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of 32 would be considered a poor family. 32. what
14: The boy said he wanted to become a farmer. He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night stars to give them light 35 his family had only expensive lanterns. His wish to have a farm 36 he could go swimming in an endless river instead of the garden pool in their home. Finally he asked his father, %us safer, large walls around our house 37 friends that will protect us?\35. while／because／as 36. where／so 37. or
15: As the ox came ashore, the rat jumped off and finished the race first． 37 the rat got the first year 38 (name) after him and the ox got the second year． 39 the lazy pig reached the finish line in 12th place the race was over and he was awarded the final place on the calendar．From that day the cat, 40 never finished 37．So / Thus38．named 39．When / After 40．who
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