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complete temporary tasks assigned by the Manager. Second, characteristic functions 1, according to the company, \bility of three\quirements of the management system, responsible for \bility of three\nd the formulation of major rules and regulations, and is responsible for training, implementation, inspection and guide its operation; 2, the company responsible for the Department (workshop) annual and monthly economic responsibility economic responsibility system and various special formulation, revision, inspection, evaluation, internal evaluation, summary, approved and communicated, audits, surveys, feedback from senior Department assessment; 3, responsible for the company's long-term plan, annual plan of work; 4, is responsible for the company's monthly operating conditions analysis and monthly focus assessment focus; 5 rules and regulations, the company responsible for the development, examination, inspection and training, Discovery Manager. 10 quality accidents of work, the company responsible for the Department of investigation, judge, processing, analysis, summary and reporting; 11, and is responsible for implement implementation implementation national of financial system, and financial discipline, according to company \bility three of\s, developed company financial management and financial supervision system (including funds costs approval system, and borrowing approval system, and settlement system cash management system,), by Manager approved Hou seriously organization implementation, and implementation, and 高温高压循环流化床锅炉的控制应用考察报告

12月27日至12月31日,我们在工程部俞信福经理的带领下到嵊州新中港热

电有限公司、绍兴美佳热电有限公司、绍兴咸亨热电有限公司、苏州苏震热电有限公司、无锡华光锅炉厂、苏州海陆重工股份有限公司杭州分公司、杭州锅炉集团进行了学习考察。通过看现场、听介绍、谈体会，在高温高压循环流化床锅炉的应用和运行控制方面感触很深、收获很大，很受启发。现将考察情况报告如下： 一．基本情况

1. 嵊州新中港热电有限公司是嵊州市重点骨干企业，该企业创建于1985年，现有职工近200人，装机容量达50.5MW,年发电量3亿千瓦时以上，年供热能力130万吨(220t/h)以上，现有各机组情况如下： 项目 种类 蒸发量 锅炉 投运时间 实际运行情况 汽轮发电机组 种类 机组容量 2#机组 中温中压CFB 75 t/h 1992.03 3#机组 中温中压CFB 75 t/h 1996.08 2004.11(汽机组) 2台75t/h锅炉一用一备 中温中压抽凝 7.5 MW 中温中压抽凝 15 MW 常开 高温高压背压 18 MW 4#机组 高温高压CFB 130 t/h 2002.05(锅炉) 采用的DCS是和利时公司的MACS V5.2.3系统。公司准备上一台150t/h高温超高压的太原锅炉厂锅炉

2. 绍兴美佳热电有限公司原拥有65t/h双炉排抛煤链条炉4台，75t/h中温次高压循环流化床锅炉2台，130t/h中温次高压循环流化床锅炉2台(一开一备)。机组为C15抽凝式汽轮发电机组2台，B15背压式汽轮机1台，B12背压式汽轮发电机组1台，B6背压式汽轮机组1台，总装机容量63MW。节能技改后公司将新建6×90t/h高温高压循环流化床锅炉(拆除现有的4×65t/h链条炉和2×75t/hCFB锅炉，保留2×130t/hCFB锅炉)，配置21MW背压×2+21MW抽背×1，保留现有的1台12MW的背压。公司采用的DCS是和利时公司MACS V1.10系统.

3. 绍兴咸亨热电有限公司位于绍兴县兰亭工业园区，现有3台无锡锅炉厂制造的75t/h高温高压循环流化床锅炉，配杭汽的15000千瓦和6000千瓦高温高压背压式汽轮发电机组各一台，供热半径7至8公里，最高供气量可

complete temporary tasks assigned by the Manager. Second, characteristic functions 1, according to the company, \bility of three\quirements of the management system, responsible for \bility of three\nd the formulation of major rules and regulations, and is responsible for training, implementation, inspection and guide its operation; 2, the company responsible for the Department (workshop) annual and monthly economic responsibility economic responsibility system and various special formulation, revision, inspection, evaluation, internal evaluation, summary, approved and communicated, audits, surveys, feedback from senior Department assessment; 3, responsible for the company's long-term plan, annual plan of work; 4, is responsible for the company's monthly operating conditions analysis and monthly focus assessment focus; 5 rules and regulations, the company responsible for the development, examination, inspection and training, Discovery Manager. 10 quality accidents of work, the company responsible for the Department of investigation, judge, processing, analysis, summary and reporting; 11, and is responsible for implement implementation implementation national of financial system, and financial discipline, according to company \bility three of\s, developed company financial management and financial supervision system (including funds costs approval system, and borrowing approval system, and settlement system cash management system,), by Manager approved Hou seriously organization implementation, and implementation, and 达90t\\h左右。公司采用的是北京国电智深控制技术有限公司的生产研制控制系统。

4. 苏州苏震热电有限公司现有3台无锡锅炉厂制造的130t/h高温高压循环流化床锅炉和南汽的2台25MW抽凝式汽轮机，1台25MW背压机，设备配置跟原宁波明耀热电相近。供热半径3公里，供热量90至100t/h。公司采用的是南京科远自动化集团股份有限公司研制的控制系统。

5. 无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司为国家520家重点企业之一，是我国电站锅炉、工业锅炉、压力容器、烟气脱硫净化设备、燃气轮机余热锅炉、垃圾焚烧锅炉、特种锅炉和水处理设备专业制造公司。近年来无锡华光锅炉厂吸收了用户反馈回来意见在高温高压循环流化床锅炉设计、制造、材料应用方面有了很大的改良，在受热面防磨、风帽设计、分离器设计、落煤管设计、下渣管位置及浇铸、喷涂等方面有自己的特点。 6. 苏州海陆重工股份有限公司的前身为张家港海陆锅炉有限公司，07年4月23日张家港海陆锅炉有限公司整体变更设立苏州海陆重工股份有限公司，是节能环保设备及核电设备的专业生产企业。公司主要产品为余热锅炉、核电设备，广泛运用于钢铁、石油、化工、有色金属、电力、造纸、印染、玻璃、制酸、制碱等行业。公司是国内余热锅炉设计、制造的重要基地之一。杭州分公司目前目前全员25人，其中设计人员13人，设计了2台90t/h高温高压循环流化床锅炉和4台75t/h掺烧污泥的高温高压循环流化床锅炉。在水冷放渣、改变分离器直径提高分离效率方面有自己的亮点，设计的75t/h锅炉效率在90%以上，130t/h效率在91%以上。

7. 杭州锅炉集团一家主要从事锅炉、压力容器、环保设备等产品的咨询、研发、

生产、销售、安装及其它工程服务的大型综合性集团企业。前身是杭州锅炉厂，始建于1955年现有员工1400余名，其中专业技术人员400余名，是国家重点高新技术企业、国家CAD应用工程示范企业、国家余热锅炉和水煤浆锅炉研究、开发和制造基地、浙江省环保产业基地。公司是锅炉行业的龙头企业，具有多年的

锅炉设计制造经验，在循环流化床锅炉技术方面针对受热面防磨、风帽形状及布置、二次风风管位置、分离器中心筒、水冷壁材质工艺、流化风风速等有不少创新和改良，设计的

complete temporary tasks assigned by the Manager. Second, characteristic functions 1, according to the company, \bility of three\quirements of the management system, responsible for \bility of three\nd the formulation of major rules and regulations, and is responsible for training, implementation, nspection and guide its operation; 2, the company responsible for the Department (workshop) annual and monthly economic responsibility economic responsibility system and various special formulation, revision, inspection, evaluation, internal evaluation, summary, approved and communicated, audits, surveys, feedback from senior Department assessment; 3, responsible for the company's long-term plan, annual plan of work; 4, is responsible for the company's monthly operating conditions analysis and monthly focus assessment focus; 5 rules and regulations, the company responsible for the development, examination, inspection and training, Discovery Manager. 10 quality accidents of work, the company responsible for the Department of investigation, judge, processing, analysis, summary and reporting; 11, and is responsible for implement implementation implementation national of financial system, and financial discipline, according to company \bility three of\s, developed company financial management and financial supervision system (including funds costs approval system, and borrowing approval system, and settlemnt system cash management system,), by Manager approved Hou seriously organization implementation, and implementation, and锅炉效率在91%以上。 二. 循环流化床锅炉的工艺流程 .

循环流化床锅炉主要由燃烧系统、气固分离循环系统、对流烟道三部分组

成。其中燃烧系统包括风室、布风板、燃烧室、炉膛、给煤系统等几部分；气固分离循环系统包括物料分离装置和返料装置两部分；对流烟道包括过热器、省煤器、空气预热器等几部分。

煤和脱硫剂被送入炉膛后，迅速被炉膛内存在的大量惰性高温物料（床料）包围，着火燃烧。燃烧所需的一次风和二次风分别从炉膛的底部和侧墙送入，物料在炉膛内呈流态化沸腾燃烧。在上升气流的作用下向炉膛上部运动，对水冷壁和炉内布置的其他受热面放热。大颗粒物料被上升气流带入悬浮区后，在重力及其他外力作用下不断减速偏离主气流，并最终形成附壁下降粒子流，被气流夹带出炉膛的固体物料在气固分离装置中被收集并通过返料装置送回炉膛循环燃烧直至燃尽。未被分离的极细粒子随烟气进入尾部烟道，进一步对受热面、空气预热器等放热冷却，经除尘器后，由引风机送入烟囱排入大气。 四.循环流化床锅炉的控制特性

通过对以上几家锅炉厂商和用户的考察学习，循环流化床锅炉控制是一

个具有大滞后、强耦合和时变的非线性等特性的系统。强耦合表现在，一个被调参数同时受到几个调节参数的共同影响，如床层温度要受到给煤量、石灰石供给量、一次风量、返料量及排渣量等多个参数的影响；同时一个调节参数又影响多个被调参数，如给煤量不仅影响主汽压力，还影响床温、炉膛温度、烟气含氧量等参数。大滞后主要反映在燃烧和换热过程中，燃料和空气增减对燃烧影响大滞后，因为在换热过程中设计因素和环节比较多，环节的容积特性、燃烧的滞后及热惯性等造成换热大滞后。时变的非线性表现在燃用不同煤种，不同负荷下其炉内燃烧及换热过程差别很大，相应的一、二次风量分配也不同。如在燃用低挥发份的无烟煤是一次风率较低，而在燃用高挥发份的烟煤是一次风率较高；同样，同一煤种在不同负荷下其一、二次