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上海外国语大学考研2017年硕士研究生入学考试

英语语言文学英汉互译真题回忆版

一、汉译英

16世纪同时出现在东半球的中国和西半球的英国、在各自戏剧突破中形成高峰的汤显祖和莎士比亚，尽管都是人类宝贵遗产，都不只属于他们的时代而属于所有的时代，也不只属于他们的国家而属于全人类，后世却遭遇了不同的文化际遇，构成其文化命运的反差。

汤显祖身后，演出“四梦”的昆曲由于只流行在士大夫文人中，脱离平民趣味，不被“下里巴人”欣赏。《牡丹亭》成为文人手中把玩的雅物，其中倡导的“至情”观念更非普通人所易于理解并产生共鸣，因而从清代开始就不能进行全本演出，只有《春香闹学》《游园惊梦》等零散折出流传在舞台上，成为小众的昆曲舞台上的保留剧目。经历了20世纪初年的新文化运动之后，中国现代文化直接承接了西方文化而与自身传统脱节，中国戏曲遭到时代的轻视和忽略，昆曲成为遗响，汤显祖则成了中国传统戏剧的残存记忆。

莎士比亚戏剧不同，应和着文艺复兴的声势，在17世纪陆续传入德、法、意、俄和北欧诸国，对欧洲各国戏剧的发展产生了深远影响。尤其不可忽视的是，莎士比亚戏剧还卷入了一个巨大的历史际遇：随英语世界扩张和世界文化的西潮东渐之风浸润到各大洲，最终传遍了全球。15世纪末“地理大发现”后的欧洲殖民热潮，携带着欧洲戏剧开始向美洲、亚洲、大洋洲、非洲播散，形成全球范围的西方戏剧文化圈，莎士比亚戏剧也随着英语覆盖地域的剧增，迅速膨胀为世界性的戏剧遗产。而印度、中国、日本和南亚这些有着自己古老戏剧传统的国家和地区，以及世界上其他语种的国家，也都逐步在自己的舞台上引进了西方戏剧样式，并用本国语言来演出，同时也按照西方式样建造起众多的剧院供使用。于是，西方戏剧尤其是英语戏剧在20世纪成为全球性文化现象，莎士比亚则成为其共同的标杆。几百年来，莎士比亚剧作成为世界戏剧舞台上最为盛演的内容，可以说有剧院就有莎士比亚，各国剧院也都以上演莎士比亚剧作为荣。莎士比亚成为被各国专家学者研究最多的戏剧家，“莎学”成为国际“显学”，莎士比亚的剧本则进入大、中、小学教科书而成为一代又一代的知识和文学艺术积淀。

二、英译中：节选自On Living in An Atomic Age （试题有删减）

In one way we think a great deal too much of the atomic bomb. \atomic age?\when the plague visited London almost every year, or as you would have lived in a Viking age when raiders from Scandinavia might land and cut your throat any night; or indeed, as you are already living in an age of cancer, an age of syphilis, an age of paralysis, an age of air raids, an age of railway accidents, an age of motor accidents.\

In other words, do not let us begin by exaggerating the novelty of our situation. Believe me, dear sir or madam, you and all whom you love were already sentenced to death before the atomic bomb was invented: and quite a high percentage of us were going to die in unpleasant ways.

This is the first point to be made: and the first action to be taken is to pull ourselves together.

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If we are all going to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, let that bomb when it comes find us doing sensible and human things - praying, working, teaching, reading, listening to music, bathing the children, playing tennis, chatting to our friends over a pint and a game of darts - not huddled together like frightened sheep and thinking about bombs. They may break our bodies (a microbe can do that) but they need not dominate our minds.

\- not even painful and premature death - that we are bothering about. Of cause the chance of that is not new. What is new is that the atomic bomb may finally and totally destroy civilization itself. The lights may be put out for ever.\

This brings us much nearer to the real point; but let me try to make clear exactly what I think that point is. What were your views about the ultimate future of civilization before the atomic bomb appeared on the scene? What did you think all this effort of humanity was to come in the end? The real answer is known to almost everyone who has even a smattering of science; yet, oddly enough, it is hardly ever mentioned. And the real answer (almost beyond doubt) is that, with or without atomic bombs, the whole story is going to end in NOTHING. The astronomers hold out no hope that this planet is going to be permanently inhabitable. The physicists hold out no hope that organic life is going to be a permanent possibility in any part of the material universe. Not only this earth, but the whole show, all the suns of space, are to run down. Nature is a sinking ship. Bergson talks about élan vital, and Mr. Shaw talks about the \. But that comes of concentrating on biology and ignoring the other sciences. There is really no such hope. Nature does not, in the long run, favour life. If Nature is all the exists - in other words, if there is no God and no life of some quite different sort somewhere outside Nature - then all stories will end in the same way: in a universe from which all life is banished without possibility of return. It will have Been an accidental flicker, and there will be no one even to remember it. No doubt atomic bombs may cut its duration on this present planet shorter that it might have been; but the whole thing, must be so infinitesimally short in relation to the oceans of dead time which precede and follow it that I cannot feel excited about its curtailment.

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