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is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the \brary, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the company's raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, iresponsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment of fixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the company organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the company's business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is历年中考语文失分点解析

一、 文言文翻译

翻译文言文语句，就是把古文尽可能地保留原意和语言风格的情况下，用现代汉语的形式表达出来。翻译文言文要做到“信、达、雅”三个字。“信”是指译文要准确无误，忠于原文，如实地、恰当地运用现代汉语把原文翻译出来；“达”是指译文要通顺畅达，符合现代汉语的语法及用语习惯，字通句顺，没有语病；“雅”是指译文要自然、生动、形象，富于表现力，完美地体现原文的写作风格。

在广州中考中，文言考察的基本是初中课内重点篇章，翻译题的在4分左右，但是不少人在考试中并不能得到理想的分数。最主要的原因是对重点文言词的意思把握不到位，没有弄清文言句式的特点。

第一部分：错点例题分析

1.（2011年广州中考）（节选自《唐雎不辱使命》） 用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。 （4分） （1）安陵君因使唐雎使于秦。 （2）岂直五百里哉？

2.（2011年白云区一模）阅读《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》，完成9～ll题。 用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。 （4分） （1）皆以美于徐公 。 （2）能谤讥于市朝。

3.（2013年广州中考）选自《送东阳马生序》

把“援疑质理，俯身倾耳以请”翻译成现代汉语。（4分） 答案解析：

1. （1）安陵君于是就派唐雎出使秦国。（抓住关键词“因”“使”）

is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the \brary, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the company's raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, iresponsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment of fixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the company organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the company's business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is（2）更何况五百里呢？（注意文言反问句式，翻译出来还是要保证句式的一致。通假字“直”）

2. （1）他们都认为我比徐公漂亮。（这是一个省略句和状语后置句，省略了主语和直接宾语，“于”引导的介词短语做状语修饰“美”，就是“比徐公更美）

（2）能够在公共场所评论（我的过错）。（此句同样是状语后置，原句可以按”于市朝谤讥”翻译）

3. （我）提出疑难，询问道理，弯下身子，侧着耳朵恭敬地请教。（援疑质理：提出疑难，探问道理。援，引，这里是提出。质，问。）

第二部分：初中文言文常用句式： 一、判断句

古汉语判断句一般用名词或名词性短语对主语进行判断，一般不用判断词“是”字。 其基本形式是：“……者，……也”，“……，……者”，“……，… …也”。 另一种是用“则”“皆”“乃”“为”“即”“非”等判断词表示肯定或否定判断。 还有一种情况是不用判断词，要根据上下文判断。 举例：

（1）“为”表肯定判断，可译为“是”例：中蛾冠儿多髯者为东坡

（2）“乃”表肯定判断，可译为“是” 例：吾闻二世少子也，不当立，当立者乃公子扶苏 （3）“即”表肯定判断，可译为“就是”例：吟鞭东指即天涯。 （4）“则”表肯定判断，可译为“是”例：此则岳阳楼之大观也

（5）“是”做动词，表肯定判断例：斯是陋室，惟吾德；问今是何世，乃不知有汉。 （6）“非”表否定判断，可译为“不是”。非天质之卑；兵革非不坚利也 （7）“……，……者也”牡丹，花之富贵者也；莲，花之君子者也。 （8）“……者，……也”。陈胜者，阳城人也。

（9）“……者，……” 例：马之千里者，一食或尽粟一石

is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the \brary, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the company's raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, iresponsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment of fixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the company organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the company's business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is（10）“……，……也” 例：夫战，勇气也。 （11）“……也”例：此诚危急存亡之秋也。 二、省略句

句子中省略某个词或某个成分的现象，在文言文中较为常见。主要有： （1）省略主语

a、承前省：渔人甚异之……（渔人）便舍船，从口入。 b、蒙后省

c、对话省：例（此）忠之属也。（《曹刿论战》）（此，代前文“小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情”）

（2）省略谓语或省略动词

择其善者而从之，（择）其不善者而改之。（《论语十则》） 一鼓作气，再（鼓）而衰，三（鼓）而竭。（《曹刿论战》） （3）省略宾语

投（之）以骨。（《狼》） 君与（之）俱来。（《隆中对》） （4）省略介词

林尽（于）水源。（《桃花源记》） 急湍甚（于）箭。（《与朱元思书》） （5）省略量词：文言文中数词后常省略量词。

一（张）桌，一（把）椅，一（把）扇，一（块）抚尺而已。 三、倒装句 倒装句主要有四种：