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C. tell the importance of attending college D. inspire the readers to live up to lives

C

Senses That Work Together

When we think about how our senses work, we usually imagine them operating separately: you sniff a flower, and the smell is delivered uninterrupted from nose to brain. However, it’ s more

complex than that. Most evidence for cross-modal perception (知觉) comes from studies into sound and vision (视觉).

But research that shows other senses crossing over is coming out all the time, and it seems that even sound and smell sometimes form an unlikely pairing.

When New York researchers, Daniel Wesson and Donald Wilson, tried to find out the truth about a “ mysterious” area of the brain called the olfactory tubercle, they had to deal with this fact.

Originally,they only intended to measure how olfactory tubercle cells in mice responded to smell. But during testing,

Wesson noticed that every time he put his coffee cup down, the mouse cells jumped in activity. In fact,the olfactory tubercle is well-placed to receive both smell and sound information from the outside world.

Later they found that among separate cells, most responded to a smell but a significant number were also active when a sound was made. Some cells even behaved differently when smell and sound were presented together, by increasing or decreasing their activity.

Of course, mice aren’ t people, so research team has been carrying out further experiments. They pulled together a group of people and gave them various drinks to smell. Participants were asked to sniff the drinks, and then match them to appropriate musical instruments and produce the notes at different levels. The results were interesting: piano was regularly paired with fruity fragrances; strong smells sounded like the instruments that are made of metal.

Further research found that listening to different sounds can change your perceptions. Studying taste this time, the team ordered some special toffee (太妃糖) and put together “ soundscapes”

corresponding to bitterness and sweetness. Participants tasted similar pieces of toffee while listening to each soundscape, and found the toffee more bitter or sweeter, depending on which soundtrack they were listening to.

Studies like this are helping scientists correctly describe our understanding of the senses, and how the brain combines them with its advantage. The consequences are worth considering. Could we see musicians work together with chefs to produce sound-improved food and drink? Will you be ordering a coffee with a soundtrack to bring out your favorite smell? Come to think of it, that could be one thing you hope coffee shop chains don’ t get round to. 43. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A lot of research focuses on the senses.

B. Sound and vision are relatively easy to study. C. There can be a link between sound and smell.

D. Evidence about the way senses work is hard to obtain. 44. In Wesson and Wilson’ s research, ______.

A. the mice were affected more significantly by sound B. the result confirmed what the researchers had suspected C. the mice seemed to be afraid of certain sounds or smells

D. the connection between sound and smell was found by chance

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45. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A. Participants took an active part in the experiments.

B. The purpose of the further experiments was totally different.

C. The result failed to support what was found in previous experiments. D. Experiments showed that links between sound and smell were consistent. 46. How does the author feel about the effect of the research? A. She is excited about the creative chances. B. She is surprised at the recent developments.

C. She is convinced that the findings will be used soon. D. She is worried about how the knowledge can be applied.

D

Comedy and Psychology

Earlier this year I did a part-time comedy course. The class was taught by Ryan, a professional comedian.I had performed a show, which wasn’t originally meant to be a comedy. However, the audience laughed at my first joke, then continued to laugh throughout the routines that were meant to be serious. So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn’ t understand why or how to control the comic (滑稽的) moments. So, I joined the course to learn.

“Turn off your editor that makes you say the right thing and remember how to be a child,” explained Ryan. “Don’t try to be clever. Don’t try too hard to be funny…and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much. Just behave in a silly way. That’s what people want to see on stage.”Ryan would help us loosen up by saying things like, “Wander around talking to others, but make sure that you’re the lowest status person here.”

I’ d say that understanding the psychology of humor has actually helped. Recently I came across the book Inside Jokes: Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind. Its main idea is that any

self-directed intelligent system will need to correct its own fault. There’s a risk that the occasional error will be made. If this was boring or burdensome, we’d be less willing to do it. However, evolution has made the process fun.

Here’s a joke in the book: Two fish are in a tank. One says to the other, “Do you know how to drive this thing?” It works on the principle that we have started to imagine one thing—that the tank is the typical container people keep fish in—and, just in time, the following words tell us that our first assumption was wrong—it’s a heavy vehicle. For correctly figuring out the error, we are rewarded with a pleasurable feeling. The joke is an efficient way of encouraging this natural reaction, and

comedians have become experts in slightly touching this mental funny-bone in order to make us laugh.

Ryan was right when he said that knowing the theory of humor wouldn’t help us that much as a comedy.During one exercise in the course, four of us were told to perform an opera. Susan and

Caroline sang earnestly on either side of the stage, and I brought Henry to the floor, where we wrestled (摔跤) each other like out-of-control teenagers. The rest of the group was in uncontrollable fits of laughter. As a performer, I’ ll never appreciate just why it seemed so funny. But the point is that I would never have written this on the paper. It was a joyous, found moment. 47. Why did the author attend the comedy course?

A. He wanted to see how the theories worked in practice. B. He discovered he had some natural ability in comedy. C. He worried about how other performers would find him. D. He got unpleasant experiences when performing a comedy.

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48. Ryan required the people on the comedy course to______.

A. copy their favorite performance B. imagine other people’ s reactions C. help themselves feel comfortable D. behave in a more playful manner 49. What is the purpose of the joke mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To discuss what humor brings about exactly. B. To give an example of another kind of humor. C. To prove the point about psychology of humor. D. To show why some people are funnier than others. 50. What view does the author put forward in the end? A. Visual humor is what appeals to people most. B. What people find funny is often unpredictable. C. Theories explaining humor tend to be mistaken. D. Learning comic skills proves to be a difficult task. 第二节（共 5 小题； 每小题 2 分，共 10 分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Charisma

Are leaders born or made? Many leaders throughout history—such as Gandhi, Churchill, Napoleon, and Martin Luther King—seem to have a special quality that made them powerful and persuasive. We can identify that quality as charisma, but can we explain it?

Charisma means a natural ability to attract other people and make them admire you. It is a complex mixture of social and emotional (情感的) skills. ____51____ Richard Wiseman, a famous psychologist, points out that there are three key qualities of a charismatic person: They feel their own emotions strongly;they inspire strong emotions in other people; and they are unaffected by the influences of other charismatic people.

You needn’ t worry if you don’ t have these qualities. ____52____ Wiseman says that when you come upon someone who is charismatic, you can copy his or her body language and facial expressions without realizing it. This is called mirroring, and it works partly because people’ s behavior influences their emotions. ____53____ He proves his point by giving the example of smiling back at someone who smiled at you. Your smiling back suggests that you accept the goodwill from the other person and hope to give it back to him.

____54____ For example, if you stand up straight and raise your chest, you are more likely to feel confident and inspire others to feel confidence in you. Another expert says that the most charismatic people are usually good listeners. They give others the impression of being focused and modest.

Charisma plays a large part in success because it is linked to self-confidence. ____55____

One successful leadership coach points out that you need to come by your skills and techniques naturally,she warns—if the personality you project is not real, you may come across as insincere. A. This type of physical presence can be used to great effect. B. Today there is growing evidence that charisma can be learned.

C. Charismatic persons should be active and sensitive to their surroundings. D. It needs to be recognized that charisma is more than just being optimistic.

E. It helps to make strong personal connections and communicate effectively with others. F. But it is worth noting that charisma can’ t be a pretended ability although it can be learned. G. He adds you’ re unaware of picking up others’ gestures, but you know it makes you feel good.

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第三部分：书面表达（共两节， 35 分） 第一节 （ 15 分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。 你的美国笔友 Jim 对中华传统文化很感兴趣， 经常与你讨论这方面的话题。最近你参加了一次相关活动， 请你给他写一封邮件， 内容包括： 1. 介绍这次活动； 2. 说明参加的理由； 3. 表达参加后的感受。 注意： 1. 词数不少于 50；

2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim,

_______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua

（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）

第二节 （ 20 分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你在一月份观看月全食的完整过程，并

以“ A Memorable Experience”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。 词数不少于 60。 提示词： 月全食 a total lunar eclipse

A Memorable Experience

_______________________________________________________________________________ （请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）

英语试题答案

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