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Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure
[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (继续处理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.
[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有复原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.
[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself
through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.
[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.
[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly
concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”
[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.
[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.
[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.
[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.
[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As
researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or
unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.
[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.
[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.
[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.
36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents. 37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.
38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency. 39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.
40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working. 41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking. 42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.
43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience. 44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing. 45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be. 答案：答案：36.D 37. J 38. L 39. A 40. E 41. K 42. I 43.B 44. G 45. C
36. 答案：D。题干中inadequate recovery替换原文D段中的lack of a recovery。 37. 答案：J。题干中relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is替换原文J段中第二句的the mental or physical resources required。
38. 答案：L。题干中increases one’s work efficiency替换原文L段最后一句中的raises your productivity 39. 答案：A。题干中has a hectic time before taking a flight.替换原文A段第三句中的Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight。
40. 答案：E。题干中Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.替换原文E段第一句的And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering。
41. 答案：K。题干中technology be used to prevent people from overworking替换原文K段第二句中的by using technology to control overworking。
42. 答案：I题干中rest does not equal recovery替换原文I段中最后一句That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing。
43. 答案：B。题干中problem results from a misunderstanding替换原文B段最后一句中的the problem comes from a misconception。
44. 答案：G题干中developed from their upbringing替换原文G段中第一句的often bred from an early age
45. 答案：C题干中People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.替换原文C段第二句中的We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be。
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding…….
Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Question 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Most kids grow up learning they cannot draw on the walls. But it might be time …….. training—this summer, a group of culture addicts, artists and community organization …. New Yorkers to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor’s Island.
The project is called Writing On it All, and it’s a participatory writing project ….. that has happened on Governor’s Island every summer since 2013.
“Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island…..,or they just kind of happen to be there,” Alexandra Chasin , artistic director…… tells Smithsonian.com.
The 2016 season runs through June 26 and features sessions facilitated by …..to domestic workers . Each session has a theme, and participants are give ….and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art. ….range from one that turns the house into a collaborative essay to one……of exile.
…..vernor’s Island is a national historic landmark district long used for ….own as “New York’s shared space for art and play,” the island , …… and Brooklyn in Upper New York Bay ,is closed to cars but open to …for festivals, picnics, adventures, as well as these “legal graffiti(涂鸦)…… notes and art scribbled (涂画)on the walls are an experiment in self-…… have ranged in age from 2 to 85.Though Chasin says the focus of….activity of writing, rather than the text that ends up getting written, some of the work that comes out of the sessions has stuck with her.
“One of the sessions that moved me the most was state violence on black women and black girls, ”says Chasin,
explaining that in one room, people wrote down the names of those killed because of it. “people do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages.”
46. what does the project Writing On It All invite people to do? A) Unlearn their training in drawing. B) Participate in a state graffiti show.
C) Cover the walls of an old house with graffiti D) Exhibit their artistic creation in an old house.
47. what do we learn about the participants in the project? A) They are just culture addicts. C)They are writers and artists B) They are graffiti enthusiasts D)They are mostly passers-by 48. What did the project participants do during the 2016 season?
A) They were free to scribble on the walls whatever came to their mind. B) They expressed their thoughts in graffiti on the theme of each session C) They learned the techniques of collaborative writing. D) They were required to cooperate with other creators. 49. What kind of place is Governor’s Island?
A) It is a historic site that attracts tourists and artists B) It is an area now accessible only to tourist vehicles
C) It is a place in Upper New York Bay formerly used for exiles D) It is an open area for tourists to enjoy themselves year round. 50. What does Chasin say about the project?
A) It just focused on the sufferings of black females B) It helped expand the influence of graffiti art. C) It has started the career of many creative artists.
D) It has created some meaningful artistic works. 【答案】CDBAD【解析】
46. 选C，替换了原文para1中的to write all over the walls of an old house on Governor’s Island.
A：对原文1-1细节信息的改写重组：原文1-1中的learn被改成unlearn , 再结合train贺draw两个原文复现词汇，组合成了该干扰选项。
B：对原文信息的增补，文中未提及这个活动是一场show。学生易选到该选项是因为受到2-1participatory一词的干扰。
D：属于无中生有，artistic creations 未出现过
47. 选D，由定位词participants定位在3-1，D选项对原文的people who are just walking by 进行了改写 A，C，B选项受1-2中信息culture addicts, artists….等的干扰
48. 选B，由定位词2016season 回到原文para4, B答案是对4-2Each season has a theme , and participants are given … and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art.
A :原文未提及be free to scribble
C：受到4-4中collaborative一词的干扰，对原文进行了概念的偷换 D：“他们被要求与其他创作者协同合作”符合常识，易被学生搞混
49. 选A，A是对原文5-1… is a national historic landmark district long used for ….的改写 B：错在only to.. 原文5-4说明这个岛屿还会对其他对象开放 C：原文细节信息重组，4-5与5-3重组出的错误信息 D：无中生有
50. 选D，是对6-3“people do beautiful work and leave beautiful messages”的改写 A：错在just focused on….原文未提及这点
B：错在help expand the influence of…这个选项很符合常识，所以易被选去
C：“它开启了许多创造性艺术家们的事业生涯”也是个符合常识的选项，易被选去，但原文未提及这点。 Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage
Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound efficient cost-saving, a recent study reports that they are not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.
The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.
A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized (随机的) control trialwith691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across the England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from a physician while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药).
After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors.
“It’s an important, cautionary note that we shouldn’t get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists,” says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. “We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed.”
Being depressed can mean feeling “lost in your own small, negative, dark world,” Dowrick says. Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in combating that sense of isolation. “When you’re emotionally vulnerable, you’re even more need of a caring human beings,” he says.
51. What does the recent study say about online CBT programs? A) Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure. B) Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer. C) They can save patients trouble visiting physicians. D) They have been well received by a lot of patients.
52. What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular? A) Their effectiveness in combating depression. B) The low efficiency of traditional talk therapy. C) Their easy and inexpensive access by patients. D) The recommendation by primary care doctors.
53. What is the major finding by researchers at the University of York? A) Online CBT programs are no more effective than regular care from…… B) The process of treating depression is often more complicated than a…… C) The combination of traditional CBT and computerized CBT is mos…… D) Depression is a mental condition which is to be treated with extrer…… 54……is Professor Dowrick’s advice concerning online CBT programs? A)They should not be neglected in primary care. B)Their effectiveness should not be overestimated.
C)They should be used by strictly following instructions D)Their use should be encouraged by doctors and therapists 55……more important to an emotionally vulnerable person? A) positive state of mind C)Timely encouragement B) Appropriate medication D)Human inter…… 【答案】ACABD【解析】
51. What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?
【解析】由题干关键词“the recent study”和“CBT”定位到第一段第二句第二段第一句。第一段第二句已给出此研究的观点即“not effective”，原因由“because”引导的内容“are not likely to engage with them or stick with them”得出，抑郁症患者不太可能参与并且坚持完全程，对应A选项“Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure”。
52. What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular?
【解析】由题干关键词“CBT”和“increasingly popular”定位第三段最后一句“online CBT programs have been gaining popularity”，受欢迎的因素紧随其后——“low cost help”“access to a computer”，选项C“Their easier and inexpensive access by patients”是原文的同义替换，故为答案。
53. What is the major finding by researchers at the University of York?
【解析】由题干关键词“researchers”和“the University of York”定位到第四段。第四段描述的是研究主要内容和过程，而题干问的“major finding”在第五段可以找到——“had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors”，将两种治疗方法进行对比，发现用网络CBT疗法的病人没有得到更有效的改善，所以对应选项A Online CBT programs are no more effective than regular care from p...。
54. What is Professor Dowrick’s advice concerning online CBT programs?
【解析】由题干关键词“Professor Dowrick”定位到第六段。第六段的第一句话是Dowrick教授的建议——“we shouldn’t get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists”。教授建议不应该过于沉迷于电脑系统可以替代医生和治疗专家的观点，因此对应B选项“Their effectiveness should be not be overestimated”。
55. What is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?
【解析】由题干关键词“emotionally vulnerable person”定位到最后一段最后一句，对“a caring human being”的需要对应D选项“Human interaction”。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ANSWER SHEET 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Ships are often sunk in order to create underwater reefs (暗礁) perfect for scuba driving (水肺式潜泳) and preserving marine 26 . Turkish authorities have just sunk something a little different than a ship, and it wouldn’t normally ever touch water, an Airbus A300. The hollowed-out A300 was 27 of everything potentially harmful to the environment and sunk off