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夫人之相与,俯仰一世,或取诸怀抱,悟言一室之内;或因寄所托,放浪形骸之外。虽趣舍万殊,静躁不同,当其欣于所遇,暂得于己,快然自足,不知老之将至。及其所之既倦,情随事迁,感慨系之矣。向之所欣,俯仰之间,已为陈迹,犹不能不以之兴怀。况修短随化,终期于尽。专题限时集训(十二) 形容词和副词
高考题组
1.(2016·江苏高考,31)His comprehensive surveys have provided the most ________ statements of how,and on what basis,data are collected.
A.explicit C.original
B.ambiguous D.arbitrary
A [考查语境选词。句意:数据如何收集以及是基于什么收集的,他全面详尽的调查提供了最明确清晰的(explicit)说明。A项explicit意为“清楚明确的,直截了当的”,符合语境。ambiguous模棱两可的,不明确的;original起初的,首创的;arbitrary武断的。]
2.(2015·江苏高考,31)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ________ review of the case.
A.comprehensive C.conscious
B.complicated D.crucial
A [考查语境选词。句意:警官决定对该案件进行一次细致、详尽的审查。comprehensive详尽的,综合性的;complicated复杂的,难懂的;conscious慎重的,刻意的;crucial关键的,至关重要的。根据and判断,所填词和thorough(彻底的,细致的)意思相近,故选A项。]
3.(2014·江苏高考,32)I can't meet you on Sunday.I'll be ________ occupied. A.also C.nevertheless
B.just D.otherwise
D [考查语境选词。句意:星期天我不能见你了。我要忙于别的事情。otherwise在牛津词典中如此解释:in a different way to the way mentioned,例句:He should have been working,but he was otherwise engaged.他应该在工作,可他却干别的事。朗文辞典直接把otherwise engaged作为短语,意为“忙于别的事情”。故选D项。考生比较容易误选just,代入后翻译为“我就是很忙”,在社交场合,这是不礼貌的表达。]
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4.(2016·浙江高考,13)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,________if you are travelling at high speed.
A.eventually C.merely
B.strangely D.especially
D [考查语境选词。句意:突然停下可能是一次非常可怕的经历,尤其(especially)是你正在高速行进时。especially意为“尤其”,符合语境。eventually最终;strangely 奇怪地;merely仅仅,只。]
5.(2016·浙江高考,16)In this article,you need to back up general statements
夫人之相与,俯仰一世,或取诸怀抱,悟言一室之内;或因寄所托,放浪形骸之外。虽趣舍万殊,静躁不同,当其欣于所遇,暂得于己,快然自足,不知老之将至。及其所之既倦,情随事迁,感慨系之矣。向之所欣,俯仰之间,已为陈迹,犹不能不以之兴怀。况修短随化,终期于尽。with ________ examples.
A.specific C.abstract
B.permanent D.universal
A [考查语境选词。句意:在这篇文章里,你需要用具体的(specific)例子来支持你的主题句。specific意为“具体的,特定的”,符合语境。permanent永久的;abstract抽象的;universal全世界的。general statements概括性的句子,概括性的说明,即“主题句”。]
6.(2015·安徽高考,26)I'm so________to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
A.special C.grateful
B.superior D.attractive
C [本题结合形容词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意:我感激(grateful)所有那些志愿者,因为他们帮助我愉快地结束了糟糕的一天。special特殊的;superior更好的,有优越感的;attractive吸引人的。]
7.(2015·安徽高考,31)They gave money to the old people's home either________or through their companies.
A.legally C.personally
B.sincerely D.deliberately
C [本题结合副词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意:他们或者________或者通过他们的公司给敬老院送钱。legally合法地;sincerely真诚地;personally亲自;deliberately故意地。根据or through their companies可知与此相对的应该是personally(亲自)。]
8.(2015·福建高考,23)It was________of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
A.careless C.patient
B.considerate D.generous
B [考查语境选词。句意:Michael通知我们他的延误以防我们担心,他真是________。careless粗心的;considerate考虑周全的;patient耐心的;generous慷慨的,大方的。从本句中Michael的做法——通知我们他的延误以防我们担心可看出Michael考虑周全。故答案为B项。]
9.(2015·浙江高考,13)Most of us,if we know even a little about where our food comes from,understand that every bite put into our mouths was________alive.
A.steadily C.formerly
B.instantly D.permanently
C [考查语境选词。句意:我们大多数人,如果对食物来源多少知道一点点的话,就会
夫人之相与,俯仰一世,或取诸怀抱,悟言一室之内;或因寄所托,放浪形骸之外。虽趣舍万殊,静躁不同,当其欣于所遇,暂得于己,快然自足,不知老之将至。及其所之既倦,情随事迁,感慨系之矣。向之所欣,俯仰之间,已为陈迹,犹不能不以之兴怀。况修短随化,终期于尽。懂得吃的每一口食物先前(formerly)都是有生命的。另外三项的意思是:steadily稳定地;instantly立即,马上;permanently永久地,长久地。本题中的if从句放到句中增加了解题难度,正常语序为:If we know even a little...comes from,most of us understand that every bite...。]
10.(2015·浙江高考,14)Listening is thus an active,not a________,behavior consisting of hearing,understanding and remembering.
A.considerate C.reliable
B.sensitive D.passive
D [考查语境选词。句意:聆听是一种积极的行为,而不是被动的(passive)接受,它包括听、理解和记忆。由not可知,空格处表示的意思与active相对,故选D项passive。其他三项的意思:considerate关切的,体贴的;sensitive敏感的,善解人意的;reliable可信赖的,可靠的。]
模拟题组
1.(2016·无锡第一学期期末测试)In less than 4 decades, we'll live longer and have children in old age.This shift is so significant that it is ________ to the change from monkeys to humans.
A.considerable C.predictable
B.comparable D.irresistible
B [考查形容词。句意:在不到40年的时间里,人类的寿命将延长,生育年龄将推后。人类的这一变化意义重大,可以与猴子变成人类的进化过程相提并论。comparable意为“可比较的,比得上的;类似的,同类的,相当的”;considerable意为“相当多的,相当大的”;predictable意为“可预言的,可预测的,可预料的”;irresistible意为“不可抵抗的,无法抗拒的;吸引人的,富有诱惑力的”。]
2.(2016·常州第一学期期末考试)China may as well keep its growth rate above 7 percent.______, the rate may be set between 6 to 7 percent, for the sake of a healthy environment.
A.Differently C.Accordingly
B.Alternatively D.Conversely
B [考查副词。句意:中国不妨将增长率保持在百分之七以上。或者,为了营造健康的环境,将增长率设置在百分之六到百分之七之间。may as well意为“不妨;也好”。alternatively意为“或者,要不然,二者择一地”;differently意为“不同地,相异地”;accordingly意为“因此,于是;照着,相应地”;conversely意为“相反地,颠倒地,反过来”。根据句意,B项最适合。]
3.(2016·镇江第一学期期末考试)Our relationships give our lives meaning, but