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摘 要

本文介绍了国内电机故障诊断系统设计，以及存在问题，同时介绍了可编程控制器的工作原理，选型依据。设计了一种基于PLC电机故障诊断系统设计，详细介绍了所选用的西门子S7-200 PLC以及同类型的S7-300 S7-400PLC，根据设计要求对PLC的输入输出I/O进行了分配，并且编写系统运行的梯形图。准备开机时，按下开机按钮后，首先检测断路器状态，如果断路器初始状态为闭合，电机无法启动，并且声光报警。如果断路器初始状态为断开，断路器合闸，电机开始启动。在启动过程中，若发生一级故障，PLC进行相应的保护动作。启动完成后，“电机开/关指示灯”亮，电机正常运行。运行过程中，PLC依次循环检测电机是否发生相间短路、断相、低电压、单相接地、过负荷、过电流等故障，若有发生，PLC进行相应保护动作。关机时，PLC接到关机命令后，断路器跳闸，“电机开/关机指示灯”灭。故障声光报警后，按“报警复位按钮”复位。本设计的选题就是基于PLC的电机故障诊断系统设计。

关键词：

故障诊断 PLC 电机

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Abstract

This paper introduces the domestic electrical fault diagnosis system design , as well as existing problems and introduces programmable controller at the same time the working principle and selection basis．A PLC-based design of the electrical fault diagnosis system design and detail on the choice of Siemens S7-200 PLC and the same type of S7-300 S7-400 PLC and according to the design requirements of the input and output of the PLC I/O for distribution and preparation of the ladder diagram system operation．Prepared to boot, press the button after boot, the circuit breaker status is detected first．If the circuit breaker initial state is closed, electrical doesn’t start and sound and light alarm．If the circuit breaker initial state is disconnected , the circuit breaker close and the electrical start．Start in the process, if a failure occurred, the protection PLC correspond action．Start after the completion of “motor on/off indicator light” on , the electrical normal operate．Running process, PLC followed by motorcycle test whether there has been a phase short circuit, breaking phase, low-voltage, single-phase-to-ground, overload, over-current fault and so on．If occurred, PLC protection act accordingly shut down．PLC received shutdown orders, tripping circuit breakers,“motor on /off indicator light” eliminate． Fault sound and light alarm at the “alarm reset button” reset．This choice is based on the design of the motor PLC fault diagnosis system design．

Key words：Fault Diagnosis； PLC； Motor

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目 录

摘 要 ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 2 目 录 .................................................................................................................................. 3 1 引 言 ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2 电动机保护装置的各种保护原理及故障判据 .............................................................. 6

2.1 电动机保护装置常见保护形式 ............................................................................. 6 2.2 矿用隔爆三相异步电动机的故障保护 .............................................................. 7

2.2.1 过载保护 ..................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 短路故障分析及保护判据 ....................................................................... 7 2.2.3 单相接地故障分析及保护判据 ............................................................... 8 2.2.4 欠压和过压故障分析及保护判据 ........................................................... 9 2.2.5 矿用电动机的其他保护 .......................................................................... 10

3 微机保护的数据采集 ....................................................................................................... 11

3.1 保护装置的数据采集电路 ................................................................................. 11

3.1.1 电压形成回路 .......................................................................................... 11 3.1.2 采样电路 ................................................................................................... 12

4 PLC原理介绍及设备总体结构介绍 ............................................................................. 12

4.1 PLC发展历程 ....................................................................................................... 12 4.2 PLC 控制系统的发展前景 ................................................................................. 13 4.3 可编程序控制器PLC的分类 ............................................................................... 14 4.4 CPU成 .................................................................................................................. 15

4.4.1 CPU的构成的构 ....................................................................................... 15 4.4.2 I/O模块 .................................................................................................... 16 4.4.3 电源模块 ................................................................................................... 16 4.4.4 PLC的工作原理 ....................................................................................... 16

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