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附录Ⅲ

英文翻译

A comprehensive overview of substations

Along with the economic development and the modern industry developments of quick rising, the design of the power supply system become more and more completely and system. Because the quickly increase electricity of factories, it also increases seriously to the dependable index of the economic condition, power supply in quantity. Therefore they need the higher and more perfect request to the power supply. Whether Design reasonable, not only affect directly the base investment and circulate the expenses with have the metal depletion in colour metal, but also will reflect the dependable in power supply and the safe in many facts. In a word, it is close with the economic performance and the safety of the people. The substation is an importance part of the electric power system, it is consisted of the electric appliances equipments and the Transmission and the Distribution. It obtains the electric power from the electric power system, through its function of transformation and assign, transport and safety. Then transport the power to every place with safe, dependable, and economical. As an important part of power’s transport and control, the transformer substation must change the mode of the traditional design and control, then can adapt to the modern electric power system, the development of modern industry and the of trend of the society life.

Electric power industry is one of the foundations of national industry and national economic development to industry, it is a coal, oil, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and other energy conversion into electrical energy of the secondary energy industry, it for the other departments of the national economy fast and stable development of the provision of adequate power, and its level of development is a reflection of the country's economic development an important indicator of the level. As the power in the industry and the importance of the national economy, electricity transmission and distribution of electric energy used in these areas is an indispensable component.。Therefore, power transmission and distribution is critical. Substation is to enable superior power plant power plants or power after adjustments to the lower load of books is an important part of power transmission. Operation of its functions, the capacity of a direct impact on the size of the lower load power, thereby affecting the industrial production and power consumption.Substation system if a link failure, the system will protect the part of action. May result in power outages and so on, to the

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production and living a great disadvantage. Therefore, the substation in the electric power system for the protection of electricity reliability, sensitivity and other indicators.

Power plants and substations are connected user link in the middle, transformation and distribution of electric energy to play the role. According to the different tasks substation can be divided into step-up transformer step-down transformer substation and two broad categories. Step-up substation built on the general power plant, the general step-down transformer near the load center built on the low.Voltage can also be divided according to medium voltage substation (60 kV and below), high-voltage substations (110 ~ 220 kV), EHV Substation (330 ~ 765 kV) and Ultra High Voltage Substation (1000 kV and above). In electric power system according to their status as a hub substation can be divided into the middle substation substations and terminals. This requires a substation part of economic rationality, the second part of safe and reliable, the only way to the normal operation of substation work services for the national economy. There are step-up transformer step-down transformer substation and two broad categories.Substations have been equipped with various protection devices, these devices are based on lower short-circuit load to a maximum load conditions, such as configuration settings and, therefore, in the event of the failure was similar to the specific circumstances under to judge by the system should automatically trip protection, and now the protection of the whole trip has been a very short time, the lifting of the fault, the system will automatically reclosing devices and the gateway to restore power quickly. This is to protect the lower the load is very favorable. This will not only protect the safety of the load equipment is in favor of extending the service life and reduce equipment investment, and improved reliability of electricity supply, which is to improve the efficiency of industrial and agricultural production is very effective.Substations have been equipped with various protection devices, these devices are based on lower short-circuit load to a maximum load conditions, such as configuration settings and, therefore, in the event of the failure was similar to the specific circumstances under to judge by the system should automatically trip protection, and now the protection of the whole trip has been a very short time, the lifting of the fault, the system will automatically reclosing devices and the gateway to restore power quickly. This is to protect the lower the load is very favorable. This will not only protect the safety of the load equipment is in favor of extending the service life and reduce equipment investment, and improved reliability of electricity supply, which is to improve the efficiency of industrial and agricultural production is very effective.Increase in the efficiency of industrial products means lower product costs,

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increase market competitiveness, which will enable enterprises to increase for the national economy and make a greater contribution to development. Electricity supply reliability and other fields, can improve people's quality of life, improve their living conditions.

Analyse change to give or get an electric shock a mission for carrying and customers carries etc. circumstance, choose the address, make good use of customer data proceed then carry calculation, ascertain the correct equipment of the customer. At the same time following the choice of every kind of transformer, then make sure the line method of the transformer substation, then calculate the short-circuit electric current, choosing to send together with the electric wire method and the style of the wire, then proceeding the calculation of short-circuit electric current. This first step of design included:(1) ascertain the total project (2) load analysis(3) the calculation of the short- circuit electric current (4) the design of an electric shock the system design to connect with system and the choice of line project (5) the choice and the settle of the protective facility (6) the contents to defend the thunder and protection of connect the earth. Along with the high and quick development of electric power technique, electric power system then can change from the generate of the electricity to the supply the power.

Design the task this time is aim at intensity of mastering of every subject knowledge of this speciality reflecting, and of test this speciality’s study result. first, analyze the tend of load department according to all parameter of load about system and circuit on task book. It expounds the necessity to this situation from the rspect of increasing load. Then through to the generalization of planning to build the transformer substation and the analysis of the load materials, safe, economy and dependability are considered, has confirmed the mainly wiring form of 10kV. Calculated and supplied power in the range and confirmed TV station's number of the main voltage transformer through load finally, capacity and type, capacity and type of using the voltage transformer stand surely at the same time, finally, the result of calculation of calculating that and short out according to the electric current of largest lasting job, make the circuit to protect, the voltage transformer is protected, the bus bar is protected, prevent the thunder from protecting.

This graduation project take the 10kV transformer substation as the main design object, this 10kV transformer substation is the local important transformer substation, is the electrical power system 10kV voltage rank important part. This transformer substation is equipped with 2 main transformers, in the station the host wiring divides into 10kV,and 0.4 kV two voltages ranks.This design first chapter is an introduction, mainly elaborated

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the transformer substation in electrical power system status. Designs the transformer substation the principle and the goal as well as the transformer substation basic situation. Second chapter is shoulders the computation and the transformer choice, carries on the load computation according to the known transformer substation load material to the transformer substation. Through the load which obtains had determined the host changes the capacity and a number, the host change the pattern, the winding wiring way, the accent press the way and the host changes the impedance. Third chapter is the transformer substation electricity host wiring design, separately through to 10kV side electricity host wiring drawing up, chooses the stablest reliable wiring way. Fourth chapter is the short class computation, first determined short-circuits the spot, calculates various parts reactance, then to respectively short-circuits separately to carry on the computation, obtains respectively short-circuits the short-circuit current. Fifth chapter is the electrical equipment choice, the electrical equipment including the generatrix, the circuit breaker, the isolator, the electric current and the voltage transformer, the fuse. Sixth chapter is the power distribution equipment, mainly carries on the design to the transformer substation power distribution equipment. Seventh chapter is anti-radar with the earth, this chapter has carried on the choice to the arrester, as well as has determined the earth way. Through to the 10kV transformer substation design, causes me has to the electrical engineering and its the automated specialized branch curriculum to be comprehensive, system grasping, strengthened apply theory to reality the ability, raised the project consciousness, exercised me independently to analyze and the solution electric power project design question ability.

[key words] substation ,load ,transmission system , distribution high voltage network ，correction equipment.

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变电站的综合概述

随着经济的发展和现代工业建设的迅速崛起，供电系统的设计越来越全面、 系统，工厂用电量迅速增长，对电能质量、技术经济状况、供电的可靠性指标也 日益提高，因此对供电设计也有了更高、更完善的要求。设计是否合理，不仅直 接影响基建投资、运行费用和有色金属的消耗量，也会反映在供电的可靠性和安 全生产方面，它和企业的经济效益、设备人身安全密切相关。

电力工业是国民经济的一项基础工业和国民经济发展的先行工业，它是一种 将煤、石油、天然气、水能、核能、风能等一次能源转换成电能这个二次能源的 工业，它为国民经济的其他各部门快速、稳定发展提供足够的动力，其发展水平 是反映国家经济发展水平的重要标志。由于电能在工业及国民经济的重要性，电 能的输送和分配是电能应用于这些领域不可缺少的组成部分。所以输送和分配电 能是十分重要的一环。变电所是使电厂或上级电站经过调整后的电能书送给下级 负荷，是电能输送的重要部分。其功能运行情况、容量大小直接影响下级负荷的 供电，进而影响工业生产及生活用电。若变电所系统中某一环节发生故障，系统 保护环节将动作。可能造成停电等事故，给生产生活带来很大不利。因此，变电 所在整个电力系统中对于保护供电的可靠性、灵敏性等指标十分重要。

变电所是联系发电厂和用户的中间环节，起着变换和分配电能的作用。根据 变电所任务的不同，可将变电所分为升压变电所和降压变电所两大类。升压变电 所一般建在发电厂，降压变电所一般建立在靠近负荷中心的低点。根据电压等级 还可分为中压变电所（60 千伏及以下）、高压变电所（110～220 千伏）、超高压 变电所（330～765 千伏）和

特高压变电所（1000 千伏及以上）。按其在电力系

统中的地位可分为枢纽变电所、中间变电所和终端变电所。这就要求变电所的一 次部分经济合理，二次部分安全可靠，只有这样变电所才能正常的运行工作，为 国民经济服务。变电所有升压变电所和降压变电所两大类。升压变电所通常是发 电厂升压站部分，紧靠发电厂。降压变电所通常远离发电厂而靠近负荷中心。下 面的所设计得就是 10KV 降压变电所。变电所的主要设备有电力变压器，母线和 开关设备等。变电所内都装设有各种保护装置，这些保护装置是根据下级负荷地 短路、最大负荷等情况来整定配置的，因此，在发生类似故障是可根据具体情况 由系统自动做出判断应跳闸保护，并且，现在的跳闸保护整定时间已经很短，在 故障解除后，系统内的自动重合闸装置会迅速和闸恢复供电。这对于保护下级各 负荷是十分有利的。这样不仅保护了各负荷设备的安全利于延长是使用寿命，降 低设备投资，而且提高了供电的可靠性，这对于提高工农业生产效率是十分有效 的。工业产品的效率提高也就意味着产品成本的降低，市场竞争力增大，进而可 以使企业效益提高，为国民经济的发展做出更大的贡献。生活用电等领域的供电 可靠性，可以提高人民生活质量，改善生活条件等。

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