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as well?

In her very buzzy new book, “Bringing Up Bebe,” American mom and Paris resident Pamela Druckerman makes the argument that the French have a leg up on rearing their children.

“There’s something about the way the French parent that makes it less of a grind and more of a pleasure,” writes Druckerman, a former Wall Street Journal reporter. She cites a 2009 study finding mothers in Ohio think caring for their children is far less pleasant than mothers in Rennes, France.

What exactly do French parents do that’s so different from American parents? A few examples:

Teaching kids patience and self-control through delayed gratification: French parents teach their children to wait for what they want from an early age—for a few minutes, usually— instead of immediately giving into kids’ demands.

“ I’m now convinced that the secret of why French kids rarely whine or collapse into tantrums（发脾气）—or at least do so less than American kids—is that they’ve developed the internal resources to cope with frustration,” Druckerman writes.

Sleep training often begins at birth: In France, babies are expected to be sleepingthrough the night by the time they’re four months old. Parents don’t ignore their babies’ cries but they do pause before responding to them.

“French parents believe it’s their job to gently teach babies to sleep well,” she writes. “They don’t view being up half the night with an eight-month-old as a sign of parental commitment.”

They don’t give in to guilt over spending time away from their kids: French women believe that “it’s unhealthy for mothers and children to spend all their time together. …Children—even babies andtoddlers—get to cultivate their inner lives without a mother’s constant interference.”

12. The underlined words “have a leg up” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______. A. offer help B. gain advantage

C. act fast D. stand up

解析：B。根据短语中的up一词，就可以推测其意思应该是正面积极的。由第一段的最后一句should we be admiring the French for their parenting skills, as well? 我们是否也该羡慕法国人养育子女的能力？有下文可知法国人在养育子女方面是有很多优势的，故答案B符合。

(四) 推理判断题

推理判断题是要求考生通过阅读玩文章后，根据所读内容、文章主旨、逻辑分析以及文化背景等对所考查内容进行推敲和判断，从而理解作者的想表达的深层含义。

阅读理解中涉及推理判断的面很广泛，凡是没有明确表达的意思，属于字里行间隐含的意思都属于推理的范围。这部分题往往出题量较大，难度较大，错误率也比较高，考生在做这类题时首先要尽量避免其他项的干扰。 1、推理判断题常见设问方式

The passage implies / suggests / shows that ________.

It is implied / suggested / indicated in the passage that ________. It can be inferred / seen /concluded from the passage that ________. The author implies / suggests / indicates that ________. We can learn / conclude from the passage that _________. Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?

Which of the following conclusions could best be drawn from the passage? Based on the passage, we can assume / presume that ________. The writer implies but not directly states that ________. 2、推理判断题答题技巧

(1) 推理和判断题一般都会根据全文主题的背景，所以考生在做推理判断题的时候，一定要注意选项的含义应该与全文的基调保持一致。基于原文合适的推理和深刻的理解都有可能是正确的诠释，反而那种照抄原文的通常不会是正确的选项。

(2) 在选项中用词过于绝对的，一般不会是答案

(3) 推理判断的原文大多数会是对某一论点的论证或者进一步的说明，所以在分析推断的时候可以反复去理解主要的论点。 (4) 语义转折的地方仍会是出题点，着重注意。 For example:

2012年浙江省专升本阅读试题Passage Two中第8题：

Lloyd Slocum was unemployed for 18 months, but like hundreds of thousands of Americans, he’s working part time this holiday shopping season, unloading trucks and stocking shelves for a Bealls store in Port St. Lucie, Fla.

“It gives you something to look forward to,” says Slocum, 29.

He plans to use cash to buy his father a Christmas present and hopes to move on to a full-time position with Bealls/Burke’s stores, a Sunbelt chain.

Black Friday, the official start of holiday shopping heat, also kicks off the less-celebrated season of the part-time worker. Retailers （零售商）alone are hiring about 500,000 seasonal employees this year, most of whom are part time, according to the National Retail Federation. Retailers’recent shift to opening on Thanksgiving or midnight on Black Friday has intensified the need for part-time workers.

Holiday jobs offer financial and emotional lifeline for many of the nation’s jobless. They also point up a troubling reality: A near-record number of Americans are working part time throughout the year, even though they would prefer full-time jobs. It is not just because of the recession （经济衰退）. Economists cite a broader, longer-term shift toward part-time work as employers cut expenses and more precisely match staffing with ups and downs of customer demand.

The number of part-timers who really want full-time positions—so-called involuntary part-time employees—has risen from 8.4 million in January to 8.9 million last month, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The total has hung at 8.5 million to 9 million since early 2009 —double the pre-recession level.

By contrast, the total of unemployed Americans has stayed flat at about 13.9 million this year and is down from about 15 million in late 2009 as employers had

added 2 million or so jobs. The gap shows how the nation’s official 9% jobless rate doesn’t fully reflect the effect caused by a half-speed economic recovery. 8. In America, “Black Friday” usually marks the beginning of ______. A. 24-hour work shifts B. Thanksgiving dinner C. Christmas celebrations D. a holiday shopping season

解析：D。由关键词Black Friday定位到原文第四段的第一句话，Black Friday后面的同位语正好是对其意思的解释说明：黑色星期五是假期购物热的开始，故D正确。

(五) 观点态度题

阅读理解中的题目有的时候会问及作者对于某一事件或者某一问题的观点或者态度是什么，以及作者对文章继续展开的内容判断等，这样的题就是观点态度题。

解答这种问题时，考生首先应请注意篇章中的连词，这些连词的运用都暗含着作者的态度和观点，从中可以推敲出作者的意图。然后需要注意有些表明作者 观点的词汇和语句，考生就可以根据这些词汇和语句的情感来判断作者的态度。总体来讲，观点态度的题比较难，对于这类问题的回答，考生应从篇章的体裁和风格入手，再从文章的论述方法、语气和措辞中把握作者对事物的喜好，从而了解作者的情感与态度。 1、观点态度题常见设问方式 What’s the tone of the passage?

Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward…? How does the author feel about…? What’s the author’s opinion of/ about …? What is the author’s overall attitude towards …? What does the author think of…?

Which of the following is the author most likely to agree with?

The author seems to be in favor of the idea of ________. The author probably feels that ________.

The author’s attitude towards …might be best summarized as ________. In the writer’s opinion, ________. According to the author, ________.

The author of the passage seems to be ________. The tone of the author is ________. 2、态度观点题的解题技巧

(1) 对于态度观点题的解答，把握文章的体裁非常重要。如果文章是说明性文章，介绍某一事物或者是说明某一现象，由于说明文本身的客观性，通常情况下作者所持的态度会是中立的。如果是记叙文的话，作者的观点态度不会很明显的显示出来，但是会暗含于陈述的语句之中，这就要求考生好好推敲某些词汇的情感，找出那些渲染气氛和表现情感的语句。

(2) 注重表示观点或者态度的引导词，例如：in my point, as far as I am concerned, in my opinion, I think/ suppose/ argue/ believe/ claim等。它们后面所接的语句会是作者的观点，切忌注意。

(3) 注意转折和对比的地方，也会是作者观点态度的表现。转折或者对比处，也就是作者强调的地方，此处会反应作者的情感和倾向，考试的题目依据通常就会出现在此处。

(4) 掌握和熟悉一些表示观点的词汇和短语，例： A. 表示赞同的

positive adj.肯定的, 实际的, 积极的, 确实的 favorable adj.赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的, 良好的 approval n. 赞成, 承认, 正式批准 enthusiasm n.狂热, 热心, 积极性 supportive adj.支持的，支援的 defensive adj. 为……而辩护 B. 表示否定的

negative adj.否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的