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20万吨/年乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯装置工艺设计

摘 要

苯乙烯是最重要的基本有机化工原料之一。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯的现状及发展概况，苯乙烯反应的工艺条件，乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯催化剂，苯乙烯的生产方法和生产工艺。

本设计以年处理量20万吨乙苯为生产目标，采用乙苯三段催化脱氢制苯乙烯的工艺方法，对整个工段进行工艺设计和设备选型。根据设计任务书的要求对整个工艺流程进行了物料衡算，并利用流程设计模拟软件Aspen Plus对整个工艺流程进行了全流程模拟计算，选用适宜的操作单元模块和热力学方法，建立过程模型进行稳态模拟计算并绘制了带控制点的工艺流程图。在设计过程中对整个工艺流程进行了简化计算，将整个流程分为了反应和精馏分离两个部分，利用计算机模拟计算结果对整个工艺流程进行了模拟优化，并确定了整套装置的主要工艺尺寸。

由于本设计方案使用计算机过程模拟软件Aspen Plus进行仿真设计，减少了实际设计中的大量费用，对现有工艺进行改进及最优综合具有重要的实际意义。

关键词：乙苯，苯乙烯，脱氢，Aspen Plus，模拟优化

I

Abstract

Styrene Monomer（SM）is one of the most important organic chemicals. This article describes the present situation and development of styrene at home and abroad, styrene reaction conditions, catalyst for ethylbenzene dehydrogenation to styrene, styrene production methods and production processes.

This design is based on the annual handling capacity of 200,000 tons of ethylbenzene production targets, ethylbenzene three-stage dehydrogenation using styrene in the process, the entire section in the process design and equipment selection. According to the requirements of the design of the mission statement of the entire process the material balance, process design simulation software Aspen Plus simulation of the whole process of the entire process, choose the appropriate operating unit module and thermodynamic methods, process model for steady-state simulation and draw the P&ID diagram. The entire process in the design process, simplify the calculation, the whole process is divided into reaction and distillation to separate the two parts, the use of computer simulation results on the entire process flow simulation and optimization, and determine the size of the main process of the entire device .

This design using computer simulation software Aspen Plus simulation designed to reduce the substantial costs of the actual design, to improve the existing process and optimal synthesis has important practical significance.

Keywords：Ethylbenzene，Styrene，dehydrogenation，Aspen Plus，Simulation and optimization

II

辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸

目 录

1 前言 ............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 苯乙烯现状及发展概况................................................................................... 2 1.2 乙苯脱氢制取苯乙烯反应工艺条件研究....................................................... 2

1.2.2 温度 ........................................................................................................ 2 1.2.3 进料比 .................................................................................................... 3 1.2.4 压力 ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3 乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯催化剂研究....................................................................... 3

1.3.1 国内外苯乙烯催化剂研究现状 ............................................................ 4 1.3.2 国内催化剂研发的建议 ........................................................................ 5 1.4 苯乙烯生产方法概述....................................................................................... 7

1.4.1 乙苯脱氢法 ............................................................................................ 7 1.4.2 乙苯共氧化法 ........................................................................................ 7 1.4.3 甲苯为原料合成苯乙烯 ........................................................................ 8 1.4.4 乙烯和苯直接合成苯乙烯 .................................................................... 8 1.4.5 乙苯氧化脱氢 ........................................................................................ 8 1.5 乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯工艺方法概述................................................................... 9

1.5.1 Lummus／UOP乙苯脱氢工艺 ............................................................. 9 1.5.2 Fina／Badger乙苯脱氢工艺 ................................................................ 9 1.5.3 乙苯脱氢选择性氧化工艺（Smart工艺） ....................................... 10 1.6 Aspen Plus软件及功能简介 ......................................................................... 10 1.7 本设计方案主要内容及意义......................................................................... 12 2 设计部分 ................................................................................................................... 13

2.3 设计任务书..................................................................................................... 13

2.3.1 乙苯催化脱氢主、副反应 .................................................................. 13 2.3.2 乙苯脱氢催化剂 .................................................................................. 13 2.3.3 乙苯脱氢反应条件 .............................................................................. 13 2.3.4 乙苯脱氢工艺流程 .............................................................................. 14 2.4 物料衡算......................................................................................................... 14

2.4.1 脱氢绝热反应器 .................................................................................. 15 2.4.2 油水分离器 .......................................................................................... 17 2.4.3 乙苯—苯乙烯精馏塔 .......................................................................... 20 2.4.4 甲苯—乙苯精馏塔 .............................................................................. 21 2.4.5 苯—甲苯精馏塔 .................................................................................. 21 2.4.6 苯乙烯精馏塔 ...................................................................................... 22 2.5 Aspen Plus模拟工艺流程设计 ..................................................................... 22

2.3.1 状态方程及模块的选择 ...................................................................... 22 2.3.2 动力学方程选择 .................................................................................. 23 2.3.3 反应部分操作参数和关键控制 .......................................................... 24 2.3.4 精馏部分操作参数 .............................................................................. 34

3 设计结果与讨论 ....................................................................................................... 42