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一、 现在分词作状语，表主动、进行，相当于一个状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式

或完成式。

1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。

例如：The students standing there are from Class Three.

The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October.

Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. Being ill, she can't go to work today.

The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information

2. 现在分词的完成式由“having+动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having

+been+动词过去分词”。

例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest.

Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down. Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.

3. 现在分词的否定式为“not+动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词

过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not+having +动词过去分词”,被动式的否定式为not+having+been+动词过去分词”

例如：Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying.

Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity.

二、 过去分词作状语

过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表被动。

The mother came in, followed by her son.

When heated，water will be turned into steam. Deeply moved by the film, we all cried.

Given more time, we will solve the problem. Given more time, we will finish the work in time.

Seeing from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.

Founded in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.

三、 现在分词和过去分词做状语的区别

1. 分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 2. 现在分词表示主动、进行的动作。过去分词表示被动。

典型例句： Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like an elephant. Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his childhood.

例题： 1. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited

2. ____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.

A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having left

3._____ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farms.

A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted

4. The children ran out of the room, ______.

A laughed and jumped B To laugh and jump C laughing and jumping D laugh and jump

1. ______ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us. 2. ______ (give) time, he’ll make a first class tennis player.

3. ______ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.

四、 分词作状语相当于状语从句

一、用作时间状语，分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成由when, while, after, before等引导时间状语从句。

典型例句： Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.

=When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.

例题： When ______different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared

二、用作原因状语，分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句。

典型例句： Being very weak, she couldn't move.

=As she was very weak, she couldn’t move.

例题： (1) _____with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face

(2) ____for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed

三、用作条件状语，分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句。

典型例句： Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed.

Given more time, we could have done it better.

=If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.

例题： ______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given

四、用作让步状语，分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句。

Although living miles away, he attended the course. =Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.

=Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.

No matter how frequently _____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed

五、用作伴随状语，表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。

典型例句： He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. Don't you sit there doing nothing. He came in, followed by his wife.

例题：