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2013年同等学力英语_阅读理解_5次课（20学时）上课地点：中国政法大学

2013年同等学力英语阅读理解讲义

张丽艳

新大纲样题Passage One.

Researchers analysed the diet of 16,000 people in 52 countries and identified three global eating patterns, Circulation journal reports. The typical Western diet, high in fat, salt and meat, accounted for about 30% of heart attack risk in any population. A \veg lowered heart risk by a third. An Oriental diet, high in tofu, soy and other sauces, made no difference to heart attack risk.

People who ate a Western diet had a 35% greater risk of having a heart attack than those who ate little or no fried foods and meat. The typical Western diet has been widely linked to heart disease. High salt in the diet can raise blood pressure and the wrong type of fat can clog blood vessels.

Ellen Mason, a cardiac nurse for the British Heart Foundation, said: \doesn?t matter whether you live in Bolton or Bombay, or whether you like to eat British, African Caribbean or Asian foods.

\the amount of fruit and vegetables you eat.\

(21) Which of the following was NOT one of the three global eating patterns?

A. A Western diet B. A “prudent” diet

C. An Oriental diet D. A popular diet

(22) In what way does the typical Western diet do harm to our healthy? A. It makes people eat little or no foods and meat. B. It is high in salt without fried foods and meat.

C. It can block blood vessels with the wrong type of fat. D. It leads to the connection between foods and heart attack.

(23) What is the most important message the writer intends to get across in terms of keeping a healthy diet?

A. Try to eat more British foods and vegetables.

B. Eat less fruit and fewer vegetables. C. Try to eat more African Caribbean foods. D. Eat less salt and fat but more fruit and vegetables. 文章来源：http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7680283.stm

2013年同等学力英语_阅读理解_5次课（20学时）上课地点：中国政法大学

原文：

The researchers created a dietary risk score questionnaire based on 19 food groups and then asked 5,561 heart attack patients and 10,646 people with known heart disease to fill out their survey.People who ate a Western diet had a 35% greater risk of having a heart attack than those who ate little or no fried foods and meat. The typical Western diet has been widely linked to heart disease. High salt in the diet can raise blood pressure and the wrong type of fat can clog blood vessels.

Investigating overall eating patterns is more true to life than looking at intake of individual foods or nutrients. The researchers said their work suggested that the same relationships between food and heart disease that are observed in Western countries exist in other regions of the world. Lead author Romania Iqbal, of McMaster University in Canada, said: \heart disease in a population could be related to poor diet.\

The researchers said that while components of the Oriental diet might be bad for the heart - such as the salt in soy sauce - these elements were likely cancelled out by protective components. Ellen Mason, a cardiac nurse for the British Heart Foundation, said: \it doesn’t matter whether you live in Bolton or Bombay, or whether you like to eat British, African Caribbean or Asian foods.

\the amount of fruit and vegetables you eat.\

新大纲样题Passage Two

Before Moko the dolphin turned up, the beached whales were in clear distress. But when Moko arrived at Mahia beach on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island, their mood changed and they followed him to safety.

The ability of some animals to communicate is well known. What's less well documented, however, is the communication between species. Justin Gregg, vice president of the Dolphin Communication Project, said it is possible that a dolphin and a whale could communicate in some way. \?Hey, buddy, the open ocean is over here. Follow me,\says.

Dolphins use three forms of signaling to other dolphins-----whistles, clicking and postures. A whale might have signals in common with a dolphin, just as different species of dolphins are known to share signals which might theoretically allow a form of basic interspecies communication. But just as it's possible that Moko the dolphin and the stranded whales shared a signal, it is also possible that the whales just saw a vaguely similar creature and followed it.

2013年同等学力英语_阅读理解_5次课（20学时）上课地点：中国政法大学

There are many reasons why different species communicate, says Vincent Janik, lecturer at the Sea Mammal Research Unit at St Andrew's University. \others for their own benefits. Sometimes the benefits are the same for each, therefore they share information. Sometimes they are trying to take advantage of the other. Getting food may not be to the advantage of the one giving up the food. \

(24) What happened after Moko the dolphin appeared at Mahia beach？ A. The beached whales still felt distressful. B. Moko led the whales back to the sea. C. The whales were still stuck on the beach. D. Moko and the whales swam together ashore.

(25) Scientists engaged in animal studies have collected .

A. enough data on how animals speak human languages B. none of the data on animals' ability to communicate C. less data on how animals communicate between species D. some data on animals' tendency to talk to humans

(26) Dolphins communicate with one another, using all the following types of signaling EXCEPT .

A. gestures B. whistles C. clicking D. postures

(27) The whales stranded on the beach followed the dolphin to safety probably because .

A. they understood the dolphin's instruction \ B. they had signals in common with one another C. they recognized some other animals not far away

D. they shared those inter-species signals with the dolphin

(28) Why do animals of different species communicate with one another? A. Because they like to set up their own communication systems. B. Because they want to take advantage of the other species. C. Because they tend to keep more food to themselves.

D. Because they benefit from using the information from other species.

原文：

By Finlo Rohrer and Tom Geoghegan BBC News Magazine

A dolphin appeared to \to two stranded whales before leading them to safety. How common is inter-species communication?

Before the bottlenose dolphin turned up, the beached pygmy sperm whales were in clear distress.

But when Moko arrived at Mahia beach on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island, their mood changed and they followed him to safety.

The ability of some animals to communicate is well known. And while many mammals have the ability to understand human language, they lack the capacity to articulate anything themselves,

2013年同等学力英语_阅读理解_5次课（20学时）上课地点：中国政法大学

although apes have been known to use hand gestures.

Begging gecko

What's less well documented is the communication between species.

Justin Gregg, vice president of the Dolphin Communication Project, said it is possible that a bottle nose dolphin and a pygmy sperm whale could communicate in some way.\instructions like 'hey buddy the open ocean is over here follow me',\

Dolphins use three forms of signalling to other dolphins - whistles, clicking and postures. Similar in size and colour to a bottlenose dolphin, it is possible that a pygmy sperm whale might have signals in common with a dolphin, just as different species of dolphins are known to share signals which might theoretically allow a form of basic inter-species communication. But just as it's possible that Moko the dolphin and the stranded whales shared a signal, it is also possible that the whales just saw a vaguely similar creature and followed it.

And it is important to recognise that the dolphin was not giving detailed instructions in a form we recognise as language, says Mr Gregg.

It is no longer thought dolphins have a language that can be decoded, they simply use a complicated communication system, like elephants or ants.

There have been some other recent examples of inter-species communication. A few weeks ago, viewers of the BBC's In Cold Blood saw a gecko \ There are many reasons why different species communicate, say Vincent Janik, lecturer at the Sea Mammal Research Unit at St Andrew's University.

\the same for each, therefore they share information.

\they are trying to take advantage of the other. Getting food may not be to the advantage of the one giving up the food.\

Eavesdropping

Ants protect the habitat of leaf lice and in return get a sugar excretion to eat, he says. They interact chemically and physically - the ants massage the leaf lice by secreting a small amount of the sugary food they are after.

And honeyeater birds guide larger animals, like badgers, to a beehive for them to do the \

The communication takes the form of the honeyeater flying around the badger to get its attention then performing a call, flying towards the beehive and checking the badger is following. If it isn't, the honeyeater flies back to try again.

Communication is often just one-way and completely inadvertent, says Mr Janik.

\predators are around.

2013年同等学力英语_阅读理解_5次课（20学时）上课地点：中国政法大学

duck under trees or if it's a leopard they run up trees. This way they improve their chances of survival.\

Inter-species communication most commonly takes the form of eavesdropping but it is not something that should be assessed in human terms, he says, because it's not done consciously. \a mechanism that's relatively automatic, it's not about forming a plan. The animal is trying to optimise its own survival chances and extracting the best possible information.\

新大纲样题Passage Three

Competition breeds excellence. Ask anyone who pays attention to the car industry and they will tell you that the family-sedan segment is just brutal, with manufacturers fighting tooth and nail over every sale. In fact, that market has become more competitive in recent years. It used to just be the Camry and the Accord fighting for supremacy, but now you have new (Hyundai) and old (Ford) competitors, among others, joining the fight with interesting, well-made, compelling products. It's a great time to be shopping for a new family sedan.

Compare that with the state of the tablet market today. Hewlett-Packard is in retreat. Research in Motion is in a holding pattern. Motorola has been sold and its tablet is now an afterthought. Samsung fights the good fight, but it trails Apple's market share by 50 percentage points.

Apple is not just ahead of the pack, it almost is the pack. Now, some would say that this is also a simple result of economic laws at work.：Apple makes a superior product, therefore it gets most of the sales. But what would be really great is that, Apple, Google, Microsoft, and H. P., locked in an epic battle for tablet supremacy, are each releasing new and better products at a furious pace, and each dropping prices substantially at a steady clip.

Apple is driving innovation and creativity with each upgrade of the iPad it releases. But this isn't about whether you prefer Apple or Android for your tablet. This isn't about picking sides. As a consumer, I want there to be robust competition across the board. I want Coke and Pepsi, Target and Wal-Mart, Engadget and Gizmodo.

If you're a fan of Apple, you want there to be a worthy rival to push it, to keep its feet to the fire. If you don't like Apple, you want someone else in the game so that Apple doesn't suck all the air out of the room. And you want Apple to do the same pushing and foot-scorching to its competitor that another company would do to it. (346)

(29) The phrase \ . A. competing fiercely with one another

B. beating one another with their tooth and nail

C. extremely careful about the family-sedan segment D. paying more attention to their tooth and nail

(30) Why is it a great time to be shopping for a new family sedan? A. Because competition is more interesting and compelling. B. Because Hyundai and Ford are joining the competition.

C. Because customers have enough quality cars to choose from. D. Because the Camry and the Accord are competing for supremacy.

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