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课时作业(三十二) [选修7 Unit 2 Robots]

[限时：45分钟]

Ⅰ.语法填空

Tips to enlarge your vocabulary

Firstly, learn in your real life. 1.________ you put your heart into it, you can learn new words everywhere(packets, ads, movies, etc.)．

Secondly, classify the words. It is easier for you to remember and practice them if you put the words 2.________ groups.

Thirdly, create or just imagine a proper situation 3.________ (practise). The best way to learn and remember new words is 4.________ (use) them either by speaking or by writing.

Then, learn synonyms(同义词) and antonyms(反义词) of new words. For the words which have similar 5.________ opposite meanings, pay attention to the 6.________ (different) of their usage.

Next, learn prefixes(前缀) and roots. You have to find these rules by remembering. The more words you learn, the 7.________ (easy) it becomes.

In addition, have a vocabulary notebook. When you learn a new word, add 8.________ to your notebook, and make up a sentence to help you remember. And run over frequently.

Finally, read more. Reading can help you guess the meanings of the words and enlarge 9.________ vocabulary. If you have 10.________ good habit of reading, your English is sure to get ahead.

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

WASHINGTON—It's a great achievement that inspires notions (观念) of robots with consciousness and independent minds.

When people or animals get hurt, they can usually compensate for minor injuries and keep limping along, but for robots, even slight damage can make them stumble and fall. However, a recently－made robot has demonstrated a novel ability: it can heal its own damage.

The new robot, which looks like a splay－legged, four－footed starfish, can sense injury to itself and adapt. That ability sets the new robot apart from earlier machines. Because the robot can recover from unfamiliar places. “There is a need for planetary robotic rovers (漫游者) to be able to fix things on their own，” says Josh Bongard, a professor in the University of Vermont, who is one of the device's creators. “Robots on other planets must be able to continue their mission without human help if they are damaged and cannot communicate their problem back to earth.”

A typical robot functions according to a computer program, but the new robot works differently. First, sensors in its four legs observe the robot's movements and signals to its built－in computer. From the information it collects, the robot creates its own programs that allow it to adapt to different situations. For example, when the researchers shortened one of the robot's legs, the smart machine simply adjusted its way of walking—it used three legs instead of four.

The researchers are looking for other places to put the resilient robot to work. One pellicle spot is the ocean floor. That dark and dangerous undersea place might be a good choice for a robot the scientists call the Starfish. “We never officially named the robot, but we usually refer to it as the

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▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌

Starfish, even though a real starfish has five rather than four legs，” says Bongard. “Also, a real starfish is much better than our robot at recovering from injury, because it can actually grow its legs again.” Scientists have created robots that help humans in many ways: by exploring space, fighting fires, and even performing surgery.

11．The newly－designed robot distinguishes itself from the former ones because it________. A．can communicate with people on the earth about their problems B．works according to a certain computer program C．can find its problems and solve them automatically D．can explore unfamiliar places

12．An example is given in the fourth paragraph in order to explain that the robot ________. A．is used to create new programs B．has typical robot functions

C．has sensors to observe its movements

D．can gather information and adapt to new conditions

13．The underlined word “resilient” in the last paragraph means the robot is________. A．creative B．newly－made C．able to recover D．informative

14．Which of the following is true about the robot “Starfish”？ A．It was spoken highly of by people for its special ability. B．It will stumble and fall if damaged.

C．It can grow its legs again once they are broken. D．It has started to work on the ocean floor. 15．What might be the best title of the passage? A．How does the Starfish robot work B．Do－It－Yourself robots repair

C．Robots designed to work on other planets D．New robots helping us in many ways

B[2011·天津卷]

In the fall of 1985，I was a bright－eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere. Twenty－one years later I am still a bright－eyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell.

My grandma, an amazing woman, graduated from college at the age of 65. She was the first in our family to reach that goal. But one year after I started college, she developed cancer. I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.

Then I got married with another dream: building my family with a combination of adopted and biological children. In 1999, we adopted our first son. To lay eyes on him was fantastic—and very emotional. A year later came our second adopted boy. Then followed son No. 3. In 2003, I gave birth to another boy.

You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 8! Our home was a complete zoo—a joyous zoo. Not surprising, I never did make it back to college full－time. But I never gave up on the dream either. I had only one choice: to find a way. That meant taking as few as one class each semester.

The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys. They often

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▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚 =^_^= 成就梦想 ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌

wanted me to stay home with them. There certainly were times I wanted to quit, but I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives.

In 2007, I graduated from the University of North Carolina. It took me over 21 years to get my college degree!

I am not special, just single－minded. It always struck me that when you're looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge, but when you're in the midst of it, it just seems normal. Everything you want won't arrive in your life on one day. It's a process. Remember：little steps add up to big dreams.

16. When the author went to Howard University, her dream was to be________. A．a writer B．a teacher C．a judge D．a doctor

17. Why did the author quit school in her second year of college? A．She wanted to study by herself. B．She fell in love and got married. C．She suffered from a serious illness.

D．She decided to look after her grandma.

18．What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4 and 5? A．She was busy yet happy with her family life. B．She ignored her guilty feeling for her sons. C．She wanted to remain a full－time housewife. D．She was too confused to make a correct choice.

19．What does the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．Failure is the mother of success. B．Little by little，one goes far. C．Every coin has two sides. D．Well begun，half done.

20．Which of the following can best describe the author? A．Caring and determined. B．Honest and responsible. C．Ambitious and sensitive.

D．Innocent and single－minded. Ⅲ.基础写作

某环保组织来你所在的城市了解城市垃圾处理问题。假如你是李华，请代表市民谈谈你对城市垃圾处理这一问题的看法以及你所在的城市是如何进行垃圾处理的。

[写作内容]

1．处理城市垃圾是一个非常重要的问题；

2．垃圾不但会污染空气、水和我们居住的地方，而且还会危害人们的健康； 3．政府已经制定了规章，禁止垃圾污染环境； 4．处理措施：分类，回收利用，掩埋，污水净化； 5．你的看法。 [写作要求]

1．只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。 2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准]

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