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英语16种时态

时态 基本形式 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 do do(es) did will(shall) do would(should)do 进行 be doing is/am/are doing was(were) doing will(shall) be doing would(should) be doing 完成 have done have(has) done has done will(shall) have done would(should) have done 完成进行 have been doing have(has)been doing had been doing will(shall) have been doing would(should) have been doing 二、常见时态的基本用法

一般现在时

一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。（常和every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等连用） 具体用法： 1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 We have three meals a day.

2）表示客观事实、真理和自然现象。 Knowledge is power.

3）表示现在的情况或状态。 I live in Beijing.

4）表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事件，尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“出发，到达”等含义的词，

如，arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay等。

The train arrives at 10:30. There's plenty of time. 。

考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。

如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，一般现在时表将来；常用的引导词有：

时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided.

If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. If it rains tomorrow，I shall stay at home.

The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives.

一般过去时

一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或反复发生的动作，句中一般都有表示过去具体时间的时间状语。具体用法： 1） 表示在过去特定时间中一次或一度发生的动作或存在的状态。

a. 有明确的过去时间：yesterday，last night，…ago, just now, in 1980, in the past… b. 对比现在 Scientists think that the continents weren’t always where they are today. c. 其他暗示 He could have done it better, but he was too careless. 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 3）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。 If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.

4）表始料未及的过去，即表过去的意识、心态、看法等与现在不同，常用动词（know，realize, expect, recognize, mean…）,表“没想到，没意识到，不知道”。

——How time flies! It already 10 o’clock.——Oh, I didn’t realize it.

一般将来时

一般将来时用来表示将要发生的事。(soon, tomorrow, next week, some day, in (the) future)

1） shall用于第一人称，常被will代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 will (shall) + 动词原形往往指没有经过计划而临时出现的意图，常伴有说话者的主观意识或表示将来必然发生的事。

2）be going to + 动词原形，既可指主观打算做某事，也可指客观迹象表明将要发生某事 3）“be + 不定式”，表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事 注意：be going to, will与be to的区别

1. I'm going to quit my present job. （现在的打算，事先经过思考，指向将来） 2. I'll answer the door. （未经事先考虑的意图）

3. The little boy is going to fall over. （根据客观迹象判断） 4. I hope it will be fine tomorrow. （主观意愿） 5. We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

6. The meeting is to take place at 8:00 tomorrow morning. 7. I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. （客观安排）

8. I am going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排） 4）“be about to do”意为“马上做某事”，表示即将发生某事，该事将发生在很近的将来，不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。

He was about to explain when she interrupted me.. 5）be on the point of doing 强调在很近的将来要发生的事。

They are on the point of leaving.

考点一：在时间、条件等状语从句中，一般现在时表一般将来时（见一般现在时，考点二）

考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。

I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。

Use your head and you will find a way.

过去将来时

过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

注意：这种时态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句的动作发生在主句之后。过去将来时同一般将来时类似，除了用would do 表示外，也可以用be going to do, be to do, be about to do及过去进行时等方式表示。

He was sixty-eight and in two years, he would be seventy. You were going to give me your address but you didn't.

I was about to turn on the power of the computer when the electricity was cut off. 完成体(现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、过去将来完成时) 现在完成时

1）表示动作到说话已经完成。

He has lost his wallet and can't find it.

They have been good friends since they met at a meeting. You needn't describe her. I have met her many times.

2）在时间或条件状语从句中表示在将来某个时间之前要完成某个动作。 Don't get off until the bus has stopped. 常用现在完成时的句型有：

1）It is/has been + 一段时间 + since 从句；

2）This/ That/ It is the first/ second... Time + that从句（从句用现在完成时）；

3）It/ This is the best/ worst/ most interesting + 名词 + that从句（从句用现在完成时） He has lived here since 1980.

This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. It is the second time that you have been here.

过去完成时

表过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态；表“过去的过去”。在使用过去完成时时，一定要有过去的时间或动作作为参照。 考点一：“一……就……”

用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。，并且no sooner 与hardly等位于句首时，此部分须用部分倒装。 I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.

No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装） 考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.

考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 表示主观想法的动词，可用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为“本来想......”

They had wanted to help, but they could not get there in time.

将来完成时

主要用于表示在将来某一时间点上会完成的动作，并对将来某一时间产生影响。常与将来时间状语连用。 We shall have fulfilled the work by the end of next week. 考点一： by+将来的时间；by the time+一般现在时从句

By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. By the time you reach the station, the train will have left. By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.

考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。

The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.

现在进行时：

1）表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。或说话时没完成，仍在继续进行的动作或存在的状态。常与now, right now, at this moment, at present等时间状语连用。 What are they quarreling about?

I'm teaching part-time in a middle school. 2）表示马上就要发生。

非延续性动词用于进行时态，往往表示“马上就，即将，逐渐地，反复地”等意思，这类动词主要有come, go, leave, start, begin, stop, arrive, return等。 Are you staying here for a long time?（即将） Someone is knocking at the door. （反复地） 3）表示某种感情色彩或对某一心理的生动描述。

现在进行时与always, constantly, continually, forever (for ever), usually等副词连用时，表说话人某种情感。

The children are constantly disturbing us. （讨厌、不满） 注意：下列动词一般不能用于进行时态。

1）表示情感和思维动词一般不用于进行时态。常见的此类动词有love, like, hate, know, understand, realize, remember, believe, want, hope, wish, need, agree等。 She understands you better now.