英语八大时态用法详解 下载本文

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英语八大时态用法详解

一.一般现在时

1. 概念:表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2. 基本结构:

(1)主语+ be动词(is / am / are)+表语

(2)主语+ 行为动词的原形或单数第三人称形式+其他

(3)There be 句型:There is / are +n. +介词短语 is / are 根据n. 的单复数决定。 否定形式:

(1)am / is /are + not; (2)谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don’t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn’t,同时行为动词还原为原形。

(3)There is / are not +n. +介词短语 一般疑问句:

(1)把is / am / are动词放于句首;

(2)用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时还原行为动词; (3))There is / are +n. +介词短语: is / are动词放于句首。 3.标志性时间状语:

(1)on + 星期s = every 星期(2)once / twice/ three times a week (month / year …) (3)频度副词always / usually / often / sometimes=at times= (every)once in a while / seldom / never(不绝对)

(4)in the mornings / afternoons / evenings = every morning / afternoon/ evening 4.用法:

(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. (2)表示客观真理,客观存在或科学事实。 如:The earth moves around the sun. (3)表示格言或警句。

如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

如:Columbus proved that the earth is round.

(4)表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性等。 如:I don’t want so much.

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. (5)一般现在时表示将来含义

① come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. — When does the bus star? — It stars in ten minutes. ② 在时间或条件状语句中。

如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

二.一般过去时

1. 概念:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作或行为。 2. 基本结构:

(1)主语+ was / were +表语

(2)主语+ 行为动词的过去式 +其他

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(3)There be 句型:There was / were +n. +介词短语 (4)主语+could+动词原形 (5)主语+used to do sth 否定形式:

(1)was / were + not;

(2)在行为动词前加didn’t,同时还原行为动词。 (3)There was / were not +n. +介词短语 (4)主语+could not +动词原形

(5)主语+used not to do sth或主语+didn’t use to do sth 一般疑问句:

(1)was或were放于句首;

(2)用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词; (3)There was / were +n. +介词短语:was或were放于句首; (4)could放于句首;

(5)Used主语+ to do sth或Did+主语+use to do sth 3.时间状语:

(1)last 短语(2)时间段+ago (3)yesterday及yesterday短语 (4)at the age of = when sb. was+年龄(5)in one’s teens / twenties

(6)固定短语:just now=a moment ago, one day, from then on, at that time, the day before yesterday, before, long before, in the past , in the / early old days, in the ancient days, in the ancient + 国家,long long ago = once upon a time (故事的开头) 4. 用法:

(1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 如:Where did you go just now?

(2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。 如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

注意:used to do sth“过去常常做某事”,表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。

如:Mother used not to be so forgetful. 妈妈过去没这么健忘。 (3)用于时间状语从句

a. 由when 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时态,主句用过去进行时态。 如:His mother was cooking when he came back. b. 由since/before 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时态,主句用现在完成时态。 如:I have made many friends since I came to China.

It has been/is 15 years since I was a teacher.

It has been/is 15 years before he knew it. 不知不觉15 年过去了。

c. 由when / by the time/ before引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时态,主句用过去完成时态。

如:The plane had taken off when / by the time we arrived at the airport. The Enlish class had begun before I got to school.

三.现在进行时

1. 概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2. 基本结构:主语 + am / is /are + doing

否定形式:主语 + am / is / are + not + doing 一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。 3. 时间状语:

(1)now (2)at this time = at this / the moment (3)Look!/Look at …!

(4)Listen! / Listen to …!(5)these days / months / years(6)It is+ 时间点/日期/星期

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4. 用法:

(1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。 如:We are waiting for you.

(2)表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。 如:Mr Green is writing another novel. (说话时并不一定在写小说)

(3)表示动作的渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 如:The leaves are turning red.

It’s getting warmer and warmer. (4)与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

如:You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。 (5)用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。

如:I’m leaving tomorrow.

四.过去进行时

1. 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 如:My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 2. 基本结构:主语 + was / were + doing 否定形式:主语 + was / were + not + doing 一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。 3. 时间状语:

(1)at that time(2)at this time+过去的时间(3)It was+ 时间点/ 日期/ 星期(过去) (4)from A时间 to B时间+过去的时间 4. 用法:

(1)过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。 如:We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.

(2)过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。

如:What was she doing at nine o’clock yesterday? (介词短语表示时间点) She was doing her homework then. (副词表示时间点)

When I saw him he was decorating his room. (when从句表示时间点)

(3)在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。 如:When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. (两个动作都是延续的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. (两个动作同时进行或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中)

五.一般将来时

1. 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2. 基本结构:

(1)主语 + am / is / are / going to do sth(2)主语 + will do sth

(3)主语 + am / is /are t to do sth (4)主语 + am / is /are about to do sth 否定形式:

(1)主语 + am / is /are + not + going to do sth(2)主语 + will not(won’t) do sth (3)主语 + am / is /arenot t to do sth (4)主语 + am / is /arenot about to do sth 一般疑问句:

(1)am / is / are放于句首;(2)will置于句首。

(3)am / is / are放于句首;(4)am / is / are放于句首;

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