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动词不定式 语法考点剖析

考点一 动词不定式

动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，否定形式是在动词不定式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成动词不定式短语。 1．作主语

动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式主语，把动词不定式后置，常构成“It＋be＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋动词不定式”。

It's important (for us) to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境很重要。 2．作表语

My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。 3．作宾语或宾语补足语

(1)接to do作宾语的动词或短语有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。

(2)接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。

(3)在使役动词make, let, have和感官系动词 feel, look, smell等的后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。help后的不定式可带to也可不带to。 4．作定语

I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多家庭作业要做。

★动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，如果动词不定式是不及物动词，其后要有相关的介词。

The cat is easy to take care of.这只猫很容易照顾。

5．作状语

Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。(目的)

We're glad to meet you here.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因) He is too tired to work on.他太累了不能继续工作了。(结果) 6．“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构

疑问词who, what, when, where, how, which等后接动词不定式，在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。

The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go(＝where he should go)．他不知道去哪里。 7．含动词不定式的特殊句型与短语 too... to...太……而不能……

Why don't you do sth.？为什么不做某事？ had better do sth.最好做某事

prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事 make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 be made to do sth.被迫做某事

1．(2018·湖北咸宁中考改编)Remember some fruit when you come back.

A．buying B．to buy C．buy D．bought

2．(2018·湖南长沙中考改编)—The weather report says it's going to have a shower this afternoon.

—It does? We'd better now, just in case. A．to leave B．leaving C．leave D．left

3．(2018·甘肃张掖中考)My two cousins decide a business together. A．to start B．starting C．start D．started

4．(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考改编)We set up this group disabled people like Ben Smith.

A．help B．to help C．helping D．helps

5．(2018·黑龙江绥化中考改编)People are supposed hands when they meet for the first time in America. A．shaking B．to shake C．shake D．shook

6．(2018·贵州中考)Parents should always tell their kids with strangers.

A．not to talk B．not talking C．to not talk D．not talk

7．(2018·四川成都中考改编)I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport.

A．to pick up B．picking up C．picked up D．pick up

8．(2018·四川达州中考)—I'd love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework ．

—If you don't go, ． A．to do; so do I B．to do; nor will I C．doing; so will I D．do; neither am I

9．(2018·四川乐山中考改编)—Julia, your mobile phone is ringing.