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高一英语语法(2-2):动词的时态之 一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时
一、 一般过去时(worked)(思考一般过去时与一般现在时的共同点和不同点) 1. 表示过去某一特定时间发生的动作或所处的状态,常与yesterday, last year, in 2007, a few months ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。如:Where __________ you __________ (go) just now? 2. 表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作,通常与often, usually等表示频度的副词连用。如:When I __________ (be) a child, I often __________ (play) football in the street.
3. 表示事先不知道或不记得,但现在已经知道或记得的事情。如:Sorry, I __________ (not know) you were here. 不好生意,我不知道你在这。(暗示现在已经知道) 4. used to do be used to do be used to doing
他以前常常每周都去看望他母亲一次。He ______________________________ his mother once a week. 电扇是被用来给我们带来风的。Fans ______________________________ us wind.
我习惯于晚饭后半小时外出散步。I ______________________________ out for a walk half an hour after dinner.
5. 在时间、条件状语从句中用来代替过去将来时。如:Mary had left the keys in the classroom so she had to wait until her mother __________ (come) home. 二、 过去进行时(was / were working)(思考过去进行时与现在进行时的共同
点和不同点)
1. 表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作,常与at that time, then, the whole afternoon, at six yesterday, this time yesterday, last night等连用。如:What __________ you __________ (do) this time yeasterday? 2. 表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。如:I __________ (tidy) my sitting room
the whole morning. 3. 表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行。如:When he __________ (call) me yesterday, I __________ (have) dinner.
4. 表示过去将要发生的动作。如:He told me he __________ (leave) for Shanghai the next day. 5. 过去进行时与always,all the time,continually,constantly等副词连用,表示过去重复的动作,并且也常常带有感叹、惊讶、赞许、厌恶等情感。如:When he worked here, John __________ always __________ (make) mistakes.(厌恶)
三、 过去完成时(had worked)
1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作,即这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,这一过去时间可用by, at, before等构成的短语以及由when, before, after, until等引导的从句或上下文来表示。如:By the end of last term, I __________ already __________ (learn) 5,000 words. By + 现在的时间点 + ____________________ 将来的时间点 + ____________________ 过去的时间点 + ____________________
2. 用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中。如:If he __________ (see) you yesterday, he __________ (ask) you about it.
与现在事实相反 if条件状语从句 did be---were did 与将来事实相反 (暗示将来不可能发生) be---were were to do should do 与过去事实相反 had done would, should, ought to, could might + have done would, should, ought to, could, might + do 主句 would, should, ought to, could, might + do 3. 用在间接引语或宾语从句中,置于said, told, asked, thought, wondered等过
去时的动词后面,表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。“过去的过去”如:She wondered who __________ (leave) the door open. 四、 一般过去时的特殊用法
1. 用一般过去时的句子有时用地点状语暗示动作发生在过去。如: ---Have you seen a pen?I __________ (leave) here this morning ---Is it a black one? I think I __________ (see) it somewhere. 2. 有时句子的其他成分含有的时间也暗示动作发生在过去。如:The year 2002 __________ (see) remarkable changes in Shanghai’s landscape. 20XX年目睹了上海地貌的巨大变化。
3. 在很多情况下,一般过去时的时间都是通过具体上下文来体现的。如:Mike
had given up smoking for three weeks, but soon __________ (return) to his old ways.
4. 本打算:(had) intended,(had) meant,(had) planned 本期望:(had) hoped,(had) wanted,(had) expected+ to do 本以为:(had) supposed,(had) thought We thought to return early. 翻译:
I meant to get up early, but forgot to set the alarm. 翻译:
I wanted to see the exhibition, but the long queue put me off. 翻译:
5. 在特定的语境中个,当要揭示某情况的真相时,我们习惯上用一般过去时。如:It’s not as big as I __________ (expect). You’re older than I __________ (think).
You won’t come? But you __________ (promise). 五、 一般过去时表示的其他时间
1. 现在。有时代替一般现在时,表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌或商量的语气。表示委婉语气的动词有want, hope, wonder, think, intend等(同四-4)及情态动词could, would。如:__________ (will) you mind my sitting here? __________ (can) you help me? __________ (will) you like a cup of tea? (详见情态动词) 2. 将来。一般过去时用在虚拟语气中,表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态(详见虚拟语气)。常用的句型有:
表示过去未曾实现的意图或希望等,含有某种惋惜