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浅析纳兰性德边塞词的多种意识

院系名称 姓 名 学 号 专 业 指导教师

2014年4月8日

摘 要

纳兰性德是清朝初期重要的词人,在创作实践中，他形成了自己独特的词学思想，模仿并有所创新，真性情的抒发中亦有寄托。

纳兰性德边塞词内容丰富，在六十首词中展现了多样的感受。兴亡感叹词描绘立身关外，触目所及的古戍、古战场、古长城，还有祖先曾经浴血奋战的战场，充满了吊古伤今，哀叹兴亡之感。怀乡与相思词作描写了扈从生活的艰苦、孤寂，抒发了对家乡亲人、爱人的无限思念。塞上节令词以词人细腻的情感和塞外的凄凉景象独具特色。塞上风物词描绘关外独特景物，及少数民族的风土人情，饱含了词人的深情。

两宋边塞词中，纳兰性德的相思词真挚动人，并传承了清新晓畅的词风和明白如话的语言，同时摒弃了艳俗的成分；纳兰词虽没有辛派词人那种家国破裂的悲壮之感，但是其中的兴亡感叹、与壮志难酬之感与苏辛词有异曲同工之妙，词风雄浑豪荡的一面也对苏辛词有所传承。

清初期纳兰性德在与词坛“俊异”们交往唱和的过程中相互影响，以“愁情”入词成为他们共同的特点。清中期为数不多的边塞词中继承了纳兰词“壮”的特点，表现出壮怀激烈的宏大志向。而到了晚清时期，由于列强的入侵、国家的衰落，边塞词发生了新变，抒写了一首首时代的悲歌与哀曲。

关键词：纳兰性德；边塞词；意识

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Abstract

Nalan Xingde, whose is so prevalent, is a significant poet of Qing dynasty. Nalan Xingde created his unique ideology in which he not only developed the theory of the predecessors, but initially applied the bailing theory in the expression of natural feelings as well. His theory was reflected in composition and the application also refined the theory.

Nalan Xingde’s frontier is inclusive. Various of feelings of the poet are reflected in the 60 frontier. Sitting alone or lying awake in bed in the sleepless nights of his bitter and lonely retinue life, the poet created dozens of reflecting his distinctive and subtle feelings about frontier life.The exclamation of the rise and fall of the nation was noted down when the poet outside of the pass, saw the ancient castles, ancient great walls and the battle field of his ancestors. His homesickness, his longing for his wife was expressed in the festival lyrics which also picture the desolate sights in frontier.

Among the frontier in Song dynasties, he developed Liu Yong’s natural and fresh style and explicit language but rejected the gaudy words. Different from the ci created by poets of Xin school whose stylistic features are solemn and stirring, instead of mourning the declining of a nation, his ci exclaims the rises and falls of a nation and his difficult-to-fulfill ambition and has a mighty and untrammeled feature.

In the early period of Qing dynasty, the formed a common feature of connoting a gloomy mood during the interaction of among the peers in poetry writing. The responsory works between Nalan Xingde and Gu Zhenguan created during the relief process of Wu Zhaoqian are a reflection of real feeling and became a well-known touching story. However, a limited number of frontier in the middle period of Qing inherited Nalan Xingde’s mighty and untrammeled style to show great ambitions. With the declining of the Qing dynasty and the invasion of the great powers, frontier became threnodies for that age.

Key Words:Nalan Xingde; frontier word; awareness

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