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名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 （一）引导名词性从句的连接词 类 别 词 义 在从句中的作用 that 无任何词义 仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分； 一般可以省略，但是在句首不可省略。 if和whether 意为“是否”，表明起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句从句意义的不确子成分 定性 关系代词： 起连接作用， who,what,which,whom, 有各自自身的意并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等 whose,whatever,whoever, 义 whomever, whichever 关系副词： 有各自自身的意起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语 when,where,why,how,however,义 whenever, wherever
（二）主语从句
1.主语从句在复合句作主语。
e.g. Who will go is not important. 2.that引导主语从句时，不能省略。
e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 3.用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
It+系动词+形容词+that从句necessary,right,likely,wrong,important,certain,clear...
It+系动词+名词+that从句. a pity, a shame, a fact,no wonder...
It+be +动词ed+that从句. said,told,reported,suggested,considered.... It+特殊动词+that从句. seem,turn out,appear,matter... e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
4.whether引导的主语从句可放句首，而if引导的主语从句不能放句首，只能放句末。 Whether the worked can be completed on time is doubtful. It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed.
（三）表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。 e.g. The question was who could go there. 2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work. 3.一般不用if引导表语从句，用whether.
The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product. 4.其他连接词：as if ,as though,because,as,like. It sounds as if/though he has been really ill.
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5. 主语为reason：表语从句中的连接词要用that，不用why.
The reason why he was unhappy is that he has lost his keys. 6.表语从句中的虚拟语气. （四）宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。 e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.
2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。
e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work.. I’m interested in what you’ve said.
3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。 e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain. ②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.
③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。 e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true. I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。 whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time. They don’t know whether to go there.
Please come to see me if you have time. （五）同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。 1.if 一般不引导同位语从句。
2.引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。 e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 3.定语从句和同位语从句的区别： A:that引导的两种从句的区别：
(1)定语从句说明名词的性质，特征，来源；同位语从句说明名词所表示的具体内容。
(2)定语从句中that充当成分，而同位语从句中that只是连词，不充当成分，也不能省略，也不能用which替代。
(3)同位语从句的先行词往往使含有某种信息的词：message,news,fact,hope,problem,suggestion.... (4)判断方法：凡是同位语从句，皆可以改为：The news/idea/thought is that....的结构，而定语从
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句不可以。
The news that our team won the game excited us all.=The news was that our team won the game. The news that the radio broadcast this morning is not true at all. B:who,whom,whose,when,where,why引导的两种从句的区别：
引导的定语从句指代前面先行词所表示的人，物，时间，地点，原因。在同位语从句中，表疑问。 I will cherish the time when I won the prize. I have no idea when he won the prize. 练习：名词性从句
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句： 1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 10. I wonder why she refused my invitation. 二、用适当的连词填空：
1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy. 2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 4. ____________ we need is more time.
5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody. 6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet. 7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for. 8. Is that ____________ you are looking for?
9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is? 10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not. 三、选择填空：
1. Do you see _____ I mean?
A. that B. / C. how D. what 2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.
A. that B. what C. which D. why 3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.
A. what B. that C. / D. how 4. Let me see _____.
A. that can I repair the radio B. whether I can repair the radio C. I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radio 5. Keep in mind _____. A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher say C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said 6. Could you advise me _____?
A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read first C. that book 1 should read first D. which book I should read first 7. He was criticized for _____.
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