内容发布更新时间 : 2024/12/22 17:08:02星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

语法专题复习一：定语从句及名词性从句

一、英语句子

（一）简单句和复合句 1. 英语句子类型

英语句子类型分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种类型。 2. 简单句

简单句就是单句，是英语的句子单元。基本结构：通常由一个主语和一个谓语构成。 You are students.

The students are taking some classes. 3. 并列句

并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连接在一起构成的句子。基本结构：简单句+并列连词+简单句。并列连词通常为：and, but, or, so等。并列句中的各单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行的并列关系。

I am really fond of reading books, and that is why my favorite subject is literature. He wanted to take the English class, but he couldn’t afford the time. Don’t take pictures of the exhibits in the museum, or you will get fined.

We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. 4. 复合句

复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则相当于一个句子成分，不能单独存在。主句和从句都有主语和谓语构成，但从句不能独立成句，一般由连词来引导，它在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语和状语。

What he said is not true.

What he wanted to tell me was that he could not come to our party.

He told me that he could not come to our party. He made the promise that he would come to our party. The girl who is standing there is my younger sister.

He couldn’t come to our party yesterday evening, because he had to take an evening class.

二、定语从句 （一）概念

在复合句中充当定语，修饰主句或主句中的某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词；引导定语从句的连词若在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语被称为关系代词，若在定语从句中充当状语，则被称为关系副词。 （二）关系代词 1. 关系代词指代人

关系代词具有形容词的性质，指代人，在定语从句中充当主语，用who或者that;若在定语从句中充当宾语，用whom, who或者that;若在定语从句中充当定语，用whose；若在定语从句中充当表语，常用that。

She was the teacher who/that taught us English literature. She is the teacher whom/who/that we all respect. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana. She is no longer the girl that she used to be. 2. 关系代词指代物

关系代词指物，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，用that或者which; 若在定语从句中充当定语，用whose; 若在定语从句中充当表语，常用that。

This is the story that/which interests all of us.

The club whose membership is hard to get is very popular among the students. Suzhou is no longer the city that it used to be.

3. 关系代词的省略

当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。

Tom is the person (whom/who/that) I want to talk to right now.

A Tale of Two Cities is the novel (which/that) I have read for more than five times. （三）关系副词

关系副词具有副词的性质，在定语从句中充当时间状语，用when；充当地点状语，用where,；充当原因状语，用why。

October 1st, 1949 was the date when the People’s Republic of China was founded. The university where she studied is a very famous one.

The reason why he was late for school this morning was that his alarm clock didn’t go off as usual

（四）介词+关系代词 1. 关系代词作介词宾语

当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，可以用介词+关系代词来连接先行词和定语从句；也可以用关系代词放先行词之后直接引导定语从句，定语从句中的介词位置保持不变, 此时，关系代词也可以省略。

We thought you were a person from whom we could expect help. =

We thought you were a person whom/that/who/--- we could expect help from. The money with which you were to buy a Christmas present is gone. = The money which/that/--- you were to buy a Christmas present with is gone. 注意：关系代词作介词宾语指时间、地点和原因时, 介词+ which= when (时间)、where(地点) 或者 why （原因）。

I can still remember the day on which/ when we met for the first time.

He always spends the whole day in the shop in which/ where he reads English novels. That’s the reason for which/ why he was laid off from his job. 2. 先行词way 作介词宾语

先行词way 作介词宾语时，可以用in which, that 或者把它们省略。