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BOOK211-1

坚持教育适度超前发展，为国民经济和社会发展服务。

发展教育，要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来，着力推进素质教育，促进学生德，智，体，美全面发展。我们要巩固基本普及九年义务教育和基本扫除青壮年文盲的成果，加快高中阶段教育和高等教育的发展，重点建设一批高水平大学和学科。我们要大力发展职业教育和职业培训，建立职业教育和普通教育相互沟通的教育体系，发展成人教育和多种形式的继续教育，逐步形成终身教育体系，利用信息发展远程教育。我们要根据经济和社会发展的要求，继续调整教育的布局，优化专业设置，更新教材，改革课程体系，考试评价制度和教学方法，提高教学质量。改进德育教育方法，加强学校思想政治工作。我们还要不断搞好教师队伍建设，全面提高教师素质。

我们要深化办学体制和教育管理体制改革。要依法落实高校办学自主权，继续推进高校后勤服务社会化。鼓励，支持和规范社会力量办学。同时，增加国家和社会对教育的投入，加大中央财政和省级财政对贫困地区教育的转移支付和专项投入，加强县级政府对基础教育经费的统筹，落实教师个工资统一发放的措施。我们还要健全奖学金，助学金和助学贷款等制度，采取有力措施，切实制止学校乱收费。

Persisting in the appropriate development of future-oriented education to serve national economic and social development.

In developing education, we should meet the needs of mordernization, the world and the future, and concentrate on improving quality-oriented education to ensure that students improve in terms of their moral qualities, intellectual ability, physical fitness and aesthetic appreciation. We need to consolidate the achievements of making nine-year compulsory education basically universal in the country and eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people, accelerate the expansion of senior secondary school education and higher education and develop high-level programs in selected universities and disciplines. Great efforts have to be made to develop vocational education and training and to establish an educational system featuring the integration of vocational education wither general education. We need to develop adult education and various forms of continuing education and gradually establish a system of lifelong education. Information technology needs to be used to develop long-distance education. In light of the needs of economic and social development, we need to continue to revise the educational structure and organization, optimize the division of disciplines, update teaching materials ,reform the curriculum, examination and evaluation systems, improve the methods and quality of instruction, strengthen moral education and ideological and political work, recruit a strong corps of capable teachers ,and improve the overall quality of teachers.

We need to deepen the reform of the systems for operating schools and managing education. We need

to allow institutions of higher learning to make operating decisions according to law, and to continue the transformation to a system of independent operation of support services in universities and colleges. We need to encourage and help all sectors of society to run schools, and we need to exercise oversight over their operation. The state and society need to invest more in education .more transfer payments and investment in special projects from the central and provincial financial departments have to be provided for education in poverty-stricken areas .country governments need to strengthen overall planning of funds for elementary education. Measures must be implemented to guarantee the coordinated payment of teachers’ salaries. We need to improve the systems of scholarships, grants and loans to support students, and we need to take effective measures to curb arbitrary charges levied by

schools .

11-2. 1978年12月26日，52位中国学者前往美国留学。他们来自全国22个单位，从事的是国家经济建设急需专业的研究工作。

Some 52 Chinese scholars set out for the United States on December 26, 1978, they came from 22 units across the country and they were all engaged in the research of disciplines badly needed for national economic construction.

选送留学生的决定标志着中国对外开放,当时引起全世界的关注.在过去的20年,留学渠道多种多样:国家公派,单位公派,交流项目或自费.

The decision to send students abroad symbolized china’s opening to the outside world. It aroused worldwide attention at that time. Over the past two decades, channels for studying abroad have been diversified .instead of the single option of going at the state’s expense, many people are sent by their work units, and many study outside china on exchange programs or at their own expense.

1992年，中央政府提出对出国留学人员采取“支持留学，鼓励回国，来去自由”的工作方针。至今有96000人学成回国，成为中国改革开发，经济发展和社会进步的中坚力量。

In 1992, the Central Government put forward a policy concerning the sending of students abroad. According to the policy, the country encourages students to go abroad and return after accomplishing their study. These students can leave and return freely. To date, the 96000 returned students have formed a vital force in the country’s reform and opening drive, economic development and social progress.

从20世纪80年代初期起,中国开始与联合国开发计划署,儿童基金会,世界银行,联合国教科文组织在师资培训,职业教育,成人教育,基础教育,视听教育和出版教材等各领域进行合作与交流.通过引进国际上先进的技术,教育管理经验与国外资金,提高了开发国内教育资源的能力.

From the early 1980s onwards, china began its cooperation and exchange with the undp, the un children’s fund ,the world bank and the unesco in various fields such as the training of teaching staff, vocational education, adult, basic and audio-visual education and teaching material publishing. Through the introduction of international high-tech and advanced educational managerial expertise and overseas funds, the country has improved its capability to tap domestic educational resources.

引进外国智力,聘请外国专家帮助经济建设,是我国改革开放的重要组成部分.改革开放以来,特别

是近5年来,我国每年聘请大量外国专家来华工作,他们在我国的经济,教育等各项事业中发挥了积极作用.据国家外国专家局负责人介绍, 我国将加大引进外国智力工作,为外国专家创造良好的工作和生活条件,保护其知识产权和其他合法利益.

To introduce foreign intellectuals and recruit foreign experts for china’s economic construction is an important component in opening to the outside world. Since the reform and opening, especially over the past five years, china has recruited numerous foreign experts to work in china each year. They have played an active role in various fields including economic and educational sectors. According to an official from the state administration of foreign expert affairs, china will redouble its efforts to bring in more foreign intellectuals, create good working and living conditions for foreign experts and protect their intellectual property rights and other lawful rights and interests. 11-3

实施科教兴国战略,是中国实现经济振兴和国家现代化的根本大计. 科教兴国,基础在教育. 要继续把教育防在优先发展的战略地位。

今年,要使全国80%以上的人口普及九年义务教育,扫除青壮年文盲300万人左右,积极发展各种形式的职业教育和成人教育.大力推进素质教育,注重创新精神和实践能力的培养,使学生在德,智,体,美等方面全面发展. 依法增加政府对教育的投入,充分利用教育资源,注重提高办学效益.

振兴教育事业,一要加大改革力度.继续积极改革教育思想,体制,内容和方法.按照”共建,调整,合作,合并”的方针,进一步改革政府专业部门办学的体制,加快高等教育向中央和省两极管理,在国家宏观政策指导下以省级政府统筹为主的新体制过渡. 深化高校内部管理体制和其他各类学校管理体制的改革.积极探索发展民办教育的机制.

二要更加重视质量.全面提高各类学校的教育质量,特别是中小学阶段的教育质量。严格教师标准,努力提高教师队伍的政治素质和业务水平,继续改善教师的工作和生活条件. 三要更加重视思想政治和品德教育.坚持用马克思列宁主义,毛泽东思想,特别是邓小平理论教育学生,使他们树立坚定的社会主义思想和信念, 努力提高一代新人的全面素质.

Implementation of the strategy of developing china by relying on science and education is a major measure for ensuring vitality in the economy and for modernizing the country. The strategy is based on education. We should continue to make education a strategic priority.

We will be working to make nine-year compulsory education available in more areas this year so that more than 80% of the total population is covered and we will reduce the number of illiterate young and middle-aged people by about 3 million. We should actively work to develop vocational and adult education in various forms. We will also vigorously push ahead with quality-oriented education, attach importance to developing innovative spirit and practical ability of students and ensure that they can improve in terms of their moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in their aesthetic appreciation. The government will be increasing investment in education in accordance with the law, making good use of educational resources and working to raise the overall efficiency of schools.

To improve education we need to do a number of things. First, we should intensify reforms. We should continue to modify our concepts of education, reform the management system of education and make changes to course content and teaching methods. Following a scheme in involving joint administration, adjustments, cooperation and mergers, we will further modify the system under which schools are run by specialized departments of the government. We will be speeding up the transition to a new system of management of institutions of higher learning under which they are operated at both the central and provincial levels, with most operated by provincial governments under the guidance of the state’s macro-control policy. We should deepen the reform of the system of internal management of institutions of higher learning and other kinds of schools and explore ways for non-governmental sectors to run schools.

Second, more attention should be paid to the quality of education. We should work hard to improve the quality of education in all kinds of schools at all levels, especially in primary and secondary education. We should be strict with the standards for teachers, improve their political and professional quality and continue to improve their working and living conditions.

Third, we should highly value ideological, political and moral education. We should educate students in Marxism-leninism, mao Zedong thought, and particularly deng Xiaoping theory to install them in socialist ideals and beliefs to improve the overall quality of the new genearation.