内容发布更新时间 : 2024/10/22 17:27:33星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

现在完成时讲解

一、构成:

肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 过去分词规则变化：

a)一般情况下，直接加ed, （work---worked，water---watered, finish---finished等;） b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, （carry-- -carried study---studied等;） c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。 （stop---stopped，shop---shopped） d)以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d （ 过去分词不规则变化表： 二、用法：

用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

标志词： ①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before,

⑦once/twice/数字+ times

例： I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了)

They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。) I have been there twice.

a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。 ? He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。

? Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） ? My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 ? Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？ b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经” ? We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 ? Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ c） just用于句中, 表示“刚刚”

? I’ve just had breakfast. 我刚吃完早饭。

? What have they just done? 他们刚刚做了什么？ d） before用于句末, 表示“以前” ? I’ve seen it before. 我以前见过它。

练习：用never，ever，already，before, just或yet填空。 1. I have __________seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has __________finished his homework.

3. --Have you _________seen the film? --No, I have ________seen it. 4. ---Has the bus left _______? ---Yes, it has ________ left.

5. Would you like to go to the zoo with me? Yes, but I have been there _________.

★ has gone to, has been to, has been in 的区别：

1. have/has gone to 去了某地（还在某地没回来） ---Where is your father? 你爸爸在哪里？ ---He has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了。

2. have/has been to 曾经去过（已回，已不在去过的地方） +次数（once/twice/ 数字+times） My father has been to Shanghai 3 times. 我爸爸去过上海3次。 画线提问：________________ has your father been to Shanghai?

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3. have/has been in 待了多久（去了，现在仍在所待的地方）+ for + 时间段/ + since + 时间点

My father has been in Shanghai for two months/ since two months ago. 我爸已经在上海待了两个月了。 画线提问：_______________has your father been in Shanghai?

▲注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in， 这四个地点副词是：here ,there ,home ,abroad 练习：用have gone to / have been to / have been in / went to 填空。 1. _____ you ever _____ Disneyland?

2. How many times _____ you _____ Disneyland ? 3. I _____ Nanjing since two years ago

4. Mr. Li _____ Hong Kong. And he'll come back in two days. 5. —How long _____ you _____ Disneyland ?

—For three days. I __________ the theme park last Sunday. 6. My father __________ Hong Kong two weeks ago. 7. My father __________ Hong Kong in 2019. 8. My father __________ Hong Kong since 2019. 9. My father __________ Hong Kong twice.

10. My father __________ Hong Kong and he hasn't come back yet. 11. —Where's Lucy?

—She has__________ to a restaurant for lunch. 12. Have you __________ to this park before. 13. I have__________ there only once this year.

14. She has __________ to the shop to buy a notebook. 15. You're late, Lao Wang has __________ to Guangzhou.

用法二：表示过去已经开始, 并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

标志词：⑦up to now, ⑧so far, ⑨for +时间段 ⑩since+时间点 I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时 a) for +一段时间

Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. 我在这里5周了。

He’s studied English for 3 years. 他学习英语3年了。

b) since +(表示过去某一时间的)时间点/单词/词组/ 从句(一般过去时) Eg. I have been here since 2019. 我自从2019年开始在这里。 I have been here since 5 years ago. 我自从5年前就在这里。

I have been here since I graduated in 2019. 我自从2019年毕业就在这里。 注：1) 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.

Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. 画线提问： ________ _______ have you lived here?

注2): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中 Eg. (误)I have left there for 5 years.

(正)I have been away there for 5 years.

★为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。

become →be, begin→ have , borrow → keep, buy → have,

go out → be out come (go, arrive, get) →be in die→ be dead, finish→ be over, join→ be in …（be a member of … ） leave→ be away ( from…), open→ be open close→ be closed 练习： 选用 for和 since填空:

1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.

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2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.

4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years. 6. It’s five years _______ we met last time. 三、与一般过去时的用法比较

1现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等），不与表示过去的时间连用; 而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系，常与表示过去的时间连用。 eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。

第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。

2．常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语: yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(刚才)， 时间+ ago, last +时间 等; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .

现在完成时练习题

一． 单项选择

1. I have been living here _____ 2019.

A. for B. after C. in D. since

2._____ have you been playing the guitar? For 5 years.

A. How soon B. How long C. How far D. How often 3.______ may I keep these books? For two weeks.

A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How soon 4.______ have you been here? I’ve been here for months.

A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How many 5. The boy ______TV all morning.

A. has watched B. had watched C. has been watching D. watched 6. How long _____ you _____ stamps? Since two years ago.

A. have, collected B. did, collect C. have , been collecting D. are, collecting 7.They are still working in the fields. They ______ for two hours.

A. was working B. has been working C. worked D. are working 8.He looks tired. Oh , he ____ for three hours.

A. have been skating B. have been skated C. has been skating D. has been skated 9. He ______ it for two hours, and he is still watching now.

A. has been B. watching C. has been watching D. is watching 10. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years.

A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written 11.Harry Potter is a very nice film . I_______ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see

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