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2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family. The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.

Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.

1.[A]by way of [B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to 2. [A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on 3. [A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone

4. [A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example

5. [A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless 6. [A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through 7. [A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so 8. [A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create 9. [A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying 10. [A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving 11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union 12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live 13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for

14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid 15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed 16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever 17. [A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed 18. [A]withdrawn [B]invested [C]donated [D]divided 19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears

20. [A]so that [B]while [C]once [D]in that

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Section II Reading Comprehension Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text 1

France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.

The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run

by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.

Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France? [A] Physical beauty would be redefined. [B] New runways would be constructed. [C] Websites about dieting would thrive. [D] The fashion industry would decline.

22.The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to [A] heightening the value of. [B] indicating the state of. [C] losing faith in. [D] doing harm to.

23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry? [A] The French measures have already failed. [B] New standards are being set in Denmark. [C] Model are no longer under peer pressure. [D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.

24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for [A] setting a high age threshold for models.

[B] caring too much about models’ character. [C] showing little concern for health factors. [D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.

25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text? [A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry. [B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty. [C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France. [D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals. Text 2

For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.

A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.

At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.