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双碱法脱硫技术方案

摘要：

在我国一次能源构成中，煤占据了绝对的主导地位。目前煤的主要利用方式还是燃烧，由于含硫量较高，煤在燃烧过程中会释放出大量的二氧化硫（SO2）。近二十年来，随着国民经济的迅速发展，我国的SO2排放量连年增长，1995年达到2369.53万吨，首次超过美国而成为世界SO2排放第一大国。大量的SO2排放导致酸雨污染迅速发展，对工农业生产和人民生活造成极大危害。目前对SO2进行治理的主要方式是锅炉尾部烟气脱硫，但由于国外成熟技术投资和运行费用都很高，难以为国内用户（特别是中小用户）所接受，因此本文的一个主要目标就是在已设计的一种旨在投资和运行费用都比较低、脱硫效率中等、适合国内市场需要的简易烟气脱硫装置的基础上设计试验方案、完成试验操作、分析试验数据，为实际生产中用废碱液进行烟气脱硫的应用作基础性研究。

试验研究分析了用烧碱脱硫的方法，为下一步双碱法脱硫工艺的试验研究做了第一步的基础准备；试验过程中考察了不同风量、SO2进口浓度、填料球高度、喷淋量、PH值等主要参数发生变化时对脱硫率影响的关系，并对试验结果进行了分析讨论，本试验研究为工艺装置的设计、操作和运行提供了所必需的基础数据；试验证明烟气脱硫的效率在较好工况条件下可达65.7%～89.9%是一种简易的烟气脱硫方法。

关键词：

湿法、烟气脱硫、二氧化硫、试验研究、双碱法

双碱法脱硫技术方案

Abstract：

In the composition of primary energy, coal occupy the leading station in our country absolutely and most coal is burned. Because of higher sulfur content, a large amount of SO2 is released during combustion. In last twenty years, the emission of SO2 increased year by year and reached to 23.6953 million tons in 1995 ,the total amount of SO2 emission in our country had exceeded America for the first time and become the maximal contributor of SO2。 Large amounts of SO2 emission lead to acid rain developing rapidly, and endanger the production of industry and agriculture directly. Now FGD (flue gas desulfurization) is the main manner to decrease SO2 emission, but capital cost and operational cost of foreign mature technology are too expensive to accept by our consumer. So one main object of this paper is developing a kind of simple desulfurization technology, which capital cost and operational cost is lower and efficiency of desulfurization is middle.

The NaOH-alkali FGD method was studied experimentally. having done the first step basic preparation for the following dual-alkali FGD process, the relation between the main affecting parameters(quantity of wind、inlet SO2 concentration、height of the ball、quantity of liquid、PH value of the absorbent solution. etc. ) and SO2 removal efficiency were studied. this research provide the necessary basic data for the design、operation and performing of process device, the paper analyse and discuss the result of the experiment the test indicates that desulfurization efficiency in good conditions can achieve 65.7%～89.9%, it is a simple method of flue gas desulfurization.

Keyword：

wet、flue gas desulfurization、sulfur dioxide、 Experimental research、 dual-alkali

双碱法脱硫技术方案

目录

摘要： .............................................................................................................................. 1 目录 .................................................................................................................................... 3 第一章 SO2的危害及其来源 ....................................................................... 5

1.1环境与健康 .......................................................................................................... 5 1.2 大气的主要污染 ............................................................................................... 5 1.3 SO2和酸雨的主要危害 .................................................................................... 6 1.4 SO2的主要来源 ................................................................................................ 6

第二章 国内外治理燃煤污染的措施 .................................................... 8

2.1 燃烧前脱硫（煤脱硫） .................................................................................. 8 2.2 燃烧中脱硫（炉内脱硫） ............................................................................. 9 2.3 燃烧后脱硫（FGD） .................................................................................... 10

2.3.1 干法脱硫和半干法脱硫 .................................................................... 10 2.3.2 湿法脱硫 ................................................................................................ 11

第三章 冷态模拟试验装置 ......................................................................... 13

3.1 试验所用仪器 .................................................................................................. 13 3.2 湍球塔试验装置 ............................................................................................. 13

第四章 烟气脱硫基础试验研究 .............................................................. 15

4.1 脱硫原理 ........................................................................................................... 15 4.2 试验设计 ........................................................................................................... 16

4.2.1 正交表的选用 ....................................................................................... 16 4.2.2 用正交表安排试验.............................................................................. 17 4.3 试验数据处理 .................................................................................................. 19

4.3.1正交试验数据处理 ............................................................................... 19 4.3.2 进一步试验及数据分析 .................................................................... 21

第五章 实验结论 ................................................................................................ 28

5.1 试验数据所得结论 ......................................................................................... 28 5.2 试验设备改进提议 ......................................................................................... 29