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自编之定语从句 1

高中英语定语从句详解

一．概念：

(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用：

1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）

常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 、but (文语, 置于否定词之后=that/who?not?, \没有??不??\在从句中作主语，宾语) 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。

二．几个关系代词的基本用法：（作宾语时可省略） ●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。

(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)

(不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语)

如：

1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语) 2. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语）

3. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语）

● which: 指物或事；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。

如：

1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语） 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语） 4. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）

5. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定语）

● who, whom, whose:

who: 在从句中作主语，宾语; 只可指人 whom:在从句中作宾语; 只可指人

whose:在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

1.who:I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）

自编之定语从句 2

All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.) 2.whom:Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. （宾语）

He's a man from whom we should learn.

= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.

比较：He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise.

He is the student who you think is worth praising.

3.Whose:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）

I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物） =I'd like a room of which the window faces south. =I'd like a room the window of which faces south.

※ whose引导定语从句时，其前不能再出现冠词或形容词性物主代词。 ※ whose指人时，相当于of whom the + n./the + n. + of whom; whose指物时，相当于of which the + n./the + n. + of which。

例：Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose

※ “, and” +its price

四．几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:

●that & which

1.宜用that（一双代高序）

①先行词为不定代词,all, much ,something ,everything ,anything, nothing ,none, the only one等,

1.We should do all that is useful to the people . 2.There's nothing that can be said about it .

3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday? 4.He told me everything that he knows.

②先行词被any, few, little, no, very, all, every, each, much, some等词修饰时。

1.All the books that you offered has been given out.

The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works. You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.

比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.

*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.

③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake. 2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.

④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

1.This is the best that can be done now.

2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.

⑤先行词既有人又有物，

1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known . 2.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.

⑥被修饰词为数词时.

自编之定语从句 3

I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water ,you can see the two that are still alive .

⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that.

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that.

1. Which is the book that you like best?

2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?

⑨主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词.

如：

There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.

2.定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:

①当关系代词的前面有介词时，且先行词为物时。

1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. 2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? ②在非限制性定语从句中.

1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .

2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)

③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .

Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. ④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. ⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which . What's that which she is looking at? ⑥先行词是those+复数名词.

A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.

● who & that:

who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who

①先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如： 1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.

2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason . 3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once 4.I don't like the ones (= those ) who talk big.

②在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如： 1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .

2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses. ③当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如：

I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.