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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）

基于单片机的管式电阻炉温度控制系统设计

摘 要

本文研究的主要问题是实验室常用的管式电阻炉的温度控制，要实现对电阻炉的温度控制，就需了解这一被控对象的特性，因此又介绍了电阻炉温度特性测试实验的整个过程、测试方案及其处理方法。然后针对电阻炉的特点，利用实验室现有的设备，提出了利用DDZ-III型仪表组合成一套单闭环负反馈的控制系统，通过调节PID调节器的比例系数KP、积分系数KI和微分系数KD来实现对电阻炉温度的控制。

管式电阻炉的温度控制系统设计的主要步骤有：第一，对管式电阻炉的温度特性进行研究。第二，应用一定的芯片搭接硬件电路。第三，应用C51语言编程。程序能够实现炉温的模拟、中间变量的显示等。

关键词：温度特性测试；管式电阻炉；温度控制；PID参数整定

内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）

Tubular Resistance Furnace Temperature Control System Design

Based On MCU

Abstract

In this paper ,the main problem is temperature control of tubular resistance furnace that commonly used in laboratory,it is necessary to achieve resistance furnace temperature control, there was a need to understand the object characteristics, it also introduced a resistance furnace temperature characteristics of the whole process of testing laboratories to test the program and its treatment. For the characteristics of resistance furnace , using the equipment in laboratory, taking a apoint of making use of DDZ-III-type instrument into a single closed-loop negative feedback control systems, by adjusting the proportion of PID regulator coefficients KP, integral coefficient KI and differential coefficient KD to achieve temperature control of the resistance furnace.

The main steps of tubular resistance furnace temperature control system are: first, the resistance of the tube furnace to study the temperature characteristics. Second, the application of a hardware circuit chip overlap. Third, the application of C51 language programming. Procedures to achieve the temperature of the simulation, the middle of the display variables.

Key words: Temperature characteristics of the test; tube resistance furnace; temperature control; PID parameter tuning

内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）

目 录

摘 要 ....................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... II 第一章 概述 .............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1管式电阻炉简介 .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2管式电阻炉的工作原理 .............................................................................................. 2 第二章 管式电阻炉温度控制系统 ...................................................................................... 3

2.1管式电阻炉系统特性描述 .......................................................................................... 3

2.1.1温度变化曲线及微分方程的简化表示 ............................................................ 3 2.1.2对象的特性参数 ............................................................................................... 3 2.1.3由S形温度变化曲线求电阻炉特性参数 ....................................................... 4 2.2热电偶工作原理及特性 .............................................................................................. 5

2.2.1热电偶的基本原理 ........................................................................................... 5 2.2.2热电偶冷端温度补偿........................................................................................ 7 2.3管式电阻炉控温方式的基本形式............................................................................... 8

2.3.1管式电阻炉系统框图........................................................................................ 8 2.3.2二位式控制 ....................................................................................................... 9 2.3.3时间比例控制 ................................................................................................... 9 2.3.4比例、积分、微分（PID）控制 ..................................................................... 9 2.4管式电阻炉温度特性曲线与控制方式的选择 ......................................................... 11 第三章 管式电阻炉系统硬件设计 .................................................................................... 13

3.1放大电路 .................................................................................................................... 13