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living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 8949, 19008. \e\County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment workbetter; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. \cts: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed \on square meters, completed City issued annual task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Government was named city level \nced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, thenew period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires \onment illegal buildings, into a well-off\cipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, \of XX beautiful\nd environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained \w\cted in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. \n smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. \n\n production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in \dirty\nitation situation has not changed. \os\age in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting \heap lying there. \Bad\eak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be \stent\ng, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. \ctions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. \peasants. Four water effects still lack机 密★启用前

大连理工大学网络教育学院

2014年3月份《土力学与地基基础》课程考试

模 拟 试 卷

考试形式：闭卷 试卷类型：（A）

☆ 注意事项： 1、本考卷满分共：100分；考试时间：90分钟。

2、所有试题必须答到试卷答题纸上，答到试卷上无效。 3、考试结束后，考生须将试卷和试卷答题纸一并交回。

学习中心______________ 姓名____________ 学号____________

一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）

1、处于天然状态的砂土的密实度一般用哪一种试验来测定？( C ) A．荷载试验 C．标准贯入试验

2、评价下列说法的正误。( D )

①土的渗透系数越大，土的透水性也越大，土中的水力梯度也越大 ②任何一种土，只要水力梯度足够大，就可能发生流土和管涌 ③土中一点渗流力的大小取决于该点孔隙水总水头的大小 ④渗流力的大小不仅取决于水力梯度，还与其方向有关 A．①对 C．③和④对

3、通过土粒承受和传递的应力称为(A )。 A．有效应力 C．附加应力

B．总应力 D．孔隙水压力 B．②对 D．全不对

B．现场十字板剪切试验 D．轻便触探试验

4、当各土层中仅存在潜水而不存在毛细水和承压水时，在潜水位以下土自重应力为(C )。 A．静水压力

C．有效应力，但不等于总应力

B．总应力

D．有效应力，等于总应力

ompelling.\h the \work very hard, but the flood of scientific enough, before the treatment and water quality improvement after the treatment effect is not obvious, county-wide focus on river still largely inferior five water, swimming the River could not be found. Five is \still lies ahead. Notice of stock there, new construction did not receive timely treatment every year (such as ancestral hall as unauthorised repeated), contrary to the created work is very different from the provincial and municipal standards. Meanwhile, when implementation is not in place, generally only focus on illegal construction demolished, failing that split that is clear, combined demolition, insufficient attention to reconstruction of old residential areas, urban villages, shanty towns and promote poor. o solve these problems, we must enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, insist on problem-oriented, to take strong measures, efforts to make up the \agriculture%uction of comprehensive safeguards, \Gate of XX beautiful\ ofrealizing. II, and precision Shi policy, and manpower playing good \cultural\protracted \ee agricultural\ork is do economic social development the work of based, county levels the sector to according to \sed agricultural, and and manpower rural, and development farmers\nsisted agricultural rural based status not shake, insisted huinong kulak policy not weakened, insisted reform innovation test not stop, efforts created new era \cultural\new situation. (A) to make agriculture more. To establish the concept of agriculture around the people demand, and comprehensively promote the supply side of agriculture structural reform, strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness. Focus is on doing the four articles. One is the steady increase of grain article. Always tighten the string for food security, \n hand, to hold land in the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the \ne.\ng the construction of grain ribbons, improving agricultural infrastructure, enhance food production capacity, improve the quality of agricultural products, effectively \se of grain\ndustry convergence article. Enhance the level of concentration, intensification of agriculture, creating production, processing, distribution, sales and service in one of the agricultural industrial chain, to break down the value chain, improve added value. Pushing forward \net + agricultural\o improve agricultural production, management, and service level, innovating the mode of e-commerce marketing of agricultural products, solve the difficult problem of sales of agricultural products. Agriculture and tourism, education, culture, health, pension and other deep integration, develop leisure, travel living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 8949, 19008. \e\County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment work better; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. \cts: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed \on square meters, completed City issued annual task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Government was named city level \nced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, thenew period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires \onment illegal buildings, into a well-off\cipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, \of XX beautiful\nd environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained \cted in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. \n smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. \n\n production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in \dirty\nitation situation has not changed. \os\age in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting \heap lying there. \Bad\eak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be \stent\ng, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. \ctions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. \peasants. Four water effects still lack5、所谓土的固结，主要是指( B )。 A．总应力引起超孔隙水压力增长的过程 C．总应力不断增加

6、下列说法中正确的是( B )。

A．土的抗剪强度与该面上的总正应力直接相关 C．剪切破裂面发生在最大剪应力作用面上

B．土抗剪强度与该面上的有效正应力成正比 D．破裂面与小主应力作用面夹角为45°+?/2 B．超孔隙水压力消散，有效应力增长的过程 D．总应力和有效应力不断增加的过程

7、若代表土中某点应力状态的摩尔应力圆与抗剪强度包线相切，则表明土中该点( C )。 A．任一平面上的剪应力都小于土的抗剪强度 B．某一平面上的剪应力超过了土的抗剪强度

C．在相切点所代表的平面上，剪应力正好等于抗剪强度 D．在最大剪应力作用面上，剪应力正好等于抗剪强度

8、当挡土墙后的填土处于主动极限平衡状态时，挡土墙( B )。 A．在外荷载作用下推挤墙背土体 C．被土体限制而处于原来的位置 9、对于( C )，较易发生整体剪切破坏。 A．高压缩性土 C．低压缩性土

10、计算挡土墙压力时，荷载效应( D )。 A．应按正常使用极限状态下荷载效应的标准组合 B．应按正常使用极限状态下荷载效应的准永久组合

C．应按承载能力极限状态下荷载效应的基本组合，采用相应的分项系数 D．应按承载能力极限状态下荷载效应的基本组合，但其分项系数均为1.0

B．中压缩性土 D．软土

B．被土压力推动而偏离墙背土体 D．受外力限制而处于原来的位置

二、填空题（本大题共5小题，每空1分，共10分）

1、如果土层在自重作用下的固结过程已经完成，而且历史上也未承受过比自重应力大的应力，则称该土层处在___正常固结____状态。

2、粘性土由一种状态转到另一种状态的分界含水量称为____界限含水量___。粘性土由___半固态____转到____可塑态___的界限含水量称为塑限。

3、某粘性土经试验测得ω＝55％，ωL＝50％，ωP＝31.5％，则IP＝__18.5_____，IL＝__1.27_____。

4、土的抗剪强度有试验确定，一般来讲室内试验有___直剪试验____、___三轴剪切试验____和 __无侧限压缩试验_____等试验方法。

ompelling.\h the \he flood of scientific enough, before the treatment and water quality improvement after the treatment effect is not obvious, county-wide focus on river still largely inferior five water, swimming the River could not be found. Five is \head. Notice of stock there, new construction did not receive timely treatment every year (such as ancestral hall as unauthorised repeated), contrary to the created work is very different from the provincial and municipal standards. Meanwhile, when implementation is not in place, generally only focus on illegal construction demolished, failing that split that is clear, combined demolition, insufficient attention to reconstruction of old residential areas, urban villages, shanty towns and promote poor. o solve these problems, we must enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency, insist on problem-oriented, to take strong measures, efforts to make up the \e agriculture\on of comprehensive safeguards, \XX beautiful\of

realizing. II, and precision Shi policy, and manpower playing good \protracted \e agricultural\do economic social development the work of based, county levels the sector to according to \d agricultural, and and manpower rural, and development farmers\nsisted agricultural rural based status not shake, insisted huinong kulak policy not weakened, insisted reform innovation test not stop, efforts created new era \cultural\situation. (A) to make agriculture more. To establish the concept of agriculture around the people demand, and comprehensively promote the supply side of agriculture structural reform, strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness. Focus is on doing the four articles. One is the steady increase of grain article. Always tighten the string for food security, \ch in hand, to hold land in the adjustment of agricultural planting structure in the \ne.\he construction of grain ribbons, improving agricultural infrastructure, enhance food production capacity, improve the quality of agricultural products, effectively \se of grain\ndustry convergence article. Enhance the level of concentration, intensification of agriculture, creating production, processing, distribution, sales and service in one of the agricultural industrial chain, to break down the value chain, improve added value. Pushing forward \net + agricultural\o improve agricultural production, management, and service level, innovating the mode of e-commerce marketing of agricultural products, solve the difficult problem of sales of agricultural products. Agriculture and tourism, education, culture, health, pension and other deep integration, develop leisure, travel2

living standards, poor farmers in less than complete elimination of 4600 Yuan, 8949, 19008. \e\County invested 2.169 billion yuan, similar counties line the city's first complete the 42 km of sewage pipe network construction, completion rate ranked first in the city, won the provincial rural sewage treatment work better; key pollution sources such as electroplating, papermaking, chemical industry management through verification and acceptance of the municipal government, the County removed Black and odorous River, River waste, beginning of river ecological restoration effects. \cts: County total demolition illegal area up 2.759 million square meters, completed City issued annual task of 153%, split against area ranking city second; completed \on square meters, completed City issued annual task of 403%, ranking city third, which village in the a target completed total city ranking first; County Government was named city level \nced. These achievements are hard won and should be appreciated. However, we are fully aware, thenew period, and work in the countryside and the environment facing higher standards and requirements, provincial party Committee offered to high level build a comprehensive well-off society goal requires \onment illegal buildings, into a well-off\cipal party Committee also proposes to build into the well-off benchmark goals of the city. Compared with the superior claim, \of XX beautiful\nd environment there are a number of weaknesses and gaps, highlighted in the following five aspects: first, agriculture remained \cted in the quality and low; short, value added of the industry chain is low; 123 fusion yield low employee age, low quality. \n smaller, specialized cooperatives throughout the County there were 3,396, but on the scale of too little. \n\n production, management, services, decentralized, centralized, standardized, brand, information and organizational level is not high. Second, the countryside is still in \dirty\nitation situation has not changed. \os\age in rural housing construction planning, construction of disorder, no drawings, no construction, no vetting \heap lying there. \Bad\eak rural base, village governance is poor. Thirdly, farmers continued to be \stent\ng, rural labor force accounted for 70% over the age of 50. \ctions of property rights, land replacement; public service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and other services can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviation and 191. \peasants. Four water effects still lacks 5、含水量不变，原状土不排水强度与彻底扰动后重塑土的不排水强度之比称为饱和软粘土的__灵敏度_____。

三、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题6分，共24分）

1、分层总和法的含义是什么？

分层总和法是指将地基沉降计算深度内的土层按土质和应力变化情况划分为若干分层，分别计算各分层的压缩量，然后求其总和得出地基最终沉降量。 2、朗肯土压力理论与库伦土压力理论之间的异同点？

相同点：都要求挡土墙的移动是以使墙后填土的剪力达到抗剪强度（极限状态下）土压力．都利用莫尔－库仑强度理论；（1分）

不同点：朗垦理论是根据土体中各点处于平衡状态的应力条件直接求墙背上各点的土压力．要求墙背光滑，填土表面水平，计算结果偏大．而库仑理论是根据墙背与滑动面间的楔块型处于极限平衡状态的静力平衡条件求总土压力．墙背可以倾斜，粗糙填土表面可倾斜，计算结果主动压力满足要求，而被动压力误差较大．朗肯理论是考虑墙后填土每点破坏，达极限状态；库仑理论则考虑滑动土体的刚体的极限平衡； 3、试根据土中应力理论，阐述均布条形荷载下地基中附加应力的分布规律。

答：在离基础底面（地基表面）不同深度z处各个水平面上，以基底中心点下轴线处的?z为最大，随着距离中轴线愈远愈小；在荷载分布范围内之下任意点沿垂线的?z值，随深度愈向下愈小。 4、简述详细勘察的目的。

答：按不同建筑物或建筑群，例如，建筑地基良好 对基础设计方案做出论证和建议，例如，地基良好

对地基处理、基坑支护、工程降水方案做出论证和建议，例如，对深厚淤泥质地基作为海港码头，对不良地质作用的防治做出论证和建议，例如，在山前冲积平原建筑场地，

四、计算题（本大题共3小题，每小题12分，共36分）

1、某原状土样，试验测得土的天然密度??1.7t/m，含水量??22.0%，土粒相对密度ds?2.72。试求该土样的孔隙比e、孔隙率n、饱和度sr、干重度?d、饱和重度?sat及浮重度??。

解 e?3ds(1??)???n?e 1?e?1

sr??dse

?d??satds?? 1?e(d?e)???s

1?e大工《土力学与地基基础》课程考试 模拟试卷（A） 第3页 共5页