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2019年高考英语全国卷I完型填空深度解析
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 . The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true. 41. A. keep
B. mix
C. connect C. crowds C. face C. serious C. decide
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D. bring D. reporters D. name D. crazy D. advocate
42. A. stories 43. A. position 44. A. silent 45. A. discover
B. buildings B. age
B. skeptical B. argue
46. A. equipment 47. A. remote 48. A. new
B. grass B. quiet B. special
C. camps C. all
D. stones D. clean D. necessary D. fading away D. sight D. regarded D. purpose D. officials D. giving way to D. permits D. add D. lake D. Finally D. artificial D. acquire
C. significant C. blowing up C. experiment C. explored C. reason C. locals
49. A. paying off 50. A. atmosphere 51. A. studied 52. A. view
B. spreading out B. experience B. observed B. quality
53. A. scientists 54. A. holding on to 55. A. changes 56. A. match 57. A. village
B. climbers
B. going back to B. clears
C. living up to C. improves C. count C. road
B. imagine B. desert B. Easily B. little B. deserve
58. A. Obviously 59. A. permanent 60. A. enjoy
C. Consequently C. fresh C. save
本文的主题为“人与自然”,体裁为夹叙夹议的记叙文。作者通过叙述自己的亲身经历,提出自己的观点:虽然乞力马扎罗山之前环境受到污染,但经当地机构治理后,已有改观。所以,作者认为它实至名归.
不考虑回填后的词数,本完形与2018年全国一卷完形相比,少了10个词。词数少,提供的信息就少。加之话题相对陌生,所以学生写起来难度加大。
文章对句子层面,段落层面和篇章层面的逻辑均有考查,且多处需要结合整段甚至全篇来考虑,极好地凸显了语篇的重要性,强调了在阅读文章时的全局意识,但同时也提升了解答难度。
具体考查层次如下图(对于段落和语篇层次的逻辑考查多达13处):
文章解析
41. D 爬山者来登山,必然会带来垃圾。本题考查的其实是代词they的指代。上文说到Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,后文也说到with them,所以指代很明确,就是这40,000人。这些人来登山,势必会带来(bring with them)很多的垃圾。所以选D。其他选项虽也能构成词组,但句意不符。
42. C 联系上下文分析句意可知,本句(包括下一句)应该是在阐述数量众多的登山者带来的后果,即可能影响乞力马扎罗的自然之美。所以满足此句意的只有C选项crowds。
43. C 前半句说的是冰川正在消失,结果自然是会改变乞力马扎罗的face。本题考查了熟词
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生义,face在此指的是“外观,面貌”,所以选择C项。
44. B 本题比较不好理解,需要联系下文的purer和however。梳理后得到的句意是:听闻这些故事后,我对这个地方(也就是乞力马扎罗)(能否保持其纯净的自然体验)表示怀疑,因为其他地方都被描述为更加纯净的自然体验。做题时必须思考文章的逻辑。破折号后的purer不会凭空出现,比较级应该是相对于人们对乞力马扎罗的登山体验而言,所以最终选择B选项skeptical。
45. A 通读第三段整段,可以发现本段在阐述作者的发现。作者发现,自从报道了在垃圾堆中的营地之后,情况有了很大的改观。本题也可以参考47空前面的find,所以选择A项。
46. C 结合文中的disturbing和among tons of rubbish,可以得知,营地就在垃圾堆里。并且,根据文章前后的逻辑,从47空所在的这句开始就是在讲述作者的发现(情况的改观)。所以,本题选择C项。
47. D 营地及沿途有厕所,自然会干净得多。跟前文的much has changed也能对应得上。所以选择D项。
48. C 48空后面有个表示转折关系的but,上文也提到情况有改观,所以可以判断,本句的句意应为“虽然环境保护的难度很大,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理当局的努力似乎已经奏效了”,所以选择C项。
49. A pay off“成功,奏效”;spread out“展开,散开”;blow up“爆炸”;fade away“(人)衰弱,病重死亡,消失”,根据上题解析说到的句意,其他干扰项都可以排除,所以选择A项。
50. B 本题可以参考第二段里提到的experience,也可以在读懂第四段之后再最终确定。作者在本段想传递的信息为:攀登乞力马扎罗山,最棒的经历不在于登顶,而在于可以体验五种不同的生态系统,所以选择B项。
51. D 在众多文化里,山都被赋予某种精神意义。所以,最佳选项为D项,be regarded as“被认为是...,被视为...”。
52. A this的指代作用不能忽视。上句说到作者的观点,即最棒的经历不在于登顶。而这样的观点在登山者攀登乞力马扎罗山的时候体现得尤为明显。所以本题选A项。
53. B 本题考查的其实上义词和下义词的包含逻辑关系。其余选项都可以归类到B选项里,只有登山者才能体验到,故选B。
54. D 前文的abruptly虽然陌生,但重点在ends,rainforest在海拔3000米的地方结束,往上是大片大片的低矮的植物。hold on to“保住,守住”;go back to“回到”;live up to“不辜负”;give way to“让路”,所以唯有D选项符合题意。雨林仿佛是在给低矮植物让路一样,在海拔3000米的地方结束。
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