英语语法-学英语必看英语语法手册(全)7 下载本文

内容发布更新时间 : 2024/5/18 10:30:41星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

进来一个刚吞进一个别针的婴儿。

[注] have的简略式是've,has的简略式是's,had的简略式是'd,如 I've,you've,he's,I'd,we'd,he'd,they'd等。 do

的过去式是did。do (did)作为助动词,有下列一些用法: 1)构成现在一般时和过去一般时的疑问句和否定句。如: Do you know each other? 你们两人认识吗?

How do you find the climate here? 你觉得这里的气候怎么样?

She did not go to hospital after breakfast She went to work as usual.早饭后她没有去医院,她照常上班去了。

2)构成否定的祈使句。如:

Don't be so careless.不要那么粗枝大叶。

Do not hesitate to come when you need help.有困难只管来。 3)加强陈述句和祈使句的语气。如: I do think he is right.我确实认为他是对的。 Do come often.一定常来呀。

Do ask,if you have any questions.如果有问题,务必提出。 4)用于倒装句中。如:

Only then did I understand the importance of science.只是到了那时,我才了解到科学的重要性。

Never did I expect to see him there.我从未想到会在那里看到他。 5)还可用来代替主要动词,以避免重复。较常用在简略答语中。如:

Does he also study geography?他也学地理吗? ――Yes,he does.是的,他也学地理。 Did it snow a lot last week? ――Yes,it did。上星期雪下得多吗? --是的,下得很多。 He works even harder than you do. 他比你还要用功。

[注] 上面最后一句中的do应唤作替代词,只是为了初学者的方便而放在助动词项下。 shall和Will 助动词

shall本身没有词义,只用在第一人称的将来时态中(现多为will所代替)。在将来一般时中,shall后接动词原形。如:

I shall think it over.我要好好考虑一下。

Don't worry. We shall tell you all about it.你别担心。我们都会告诉你的。 助动词

will本身没有词义,只用在第二、三人称的将来时态中。will在将来一般时中后接动词原形。如:

He will be twenty-five years old next month.他下个月将是二十五岁。 You will have an examination in English tomorrow.你们明天有英语考试。 The weather forecast says that there'll be heavy rain tomorrow.天气预报明天有大雨。

should和would 助动词

should是shall的过去式,它本身没有词义,用于第一人称的过去将来时态中(现多用would)。should在过去将来一般时中后接动词原形。如:

We were told that we should sight the Treasure lsland that night. 我们被告知那

天夜里我们就要看见宝岛了。

助动词

would是will的过去式,它本身没有词义,用于第二、三人称的过去将来时态中。would在过去将来一般时中后接动词原形。如:

He said that he would always remember that day.他说他将永远记住那一天。 [英语语法手册]情态动词概述 特征

1)情态动词(modal verb)本身有词义,表示说话人的语气或情态,但词义不完全,不能单独用作谓语动词,一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。

2)情态动词所表示的情态有:命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。

3)情态动词(ought除外)和助动词shall,will,should,would一样,后面的动词不定式一般皆不带。

形式变化

1)没有人称和数的变化,第三人称单数的现在时也无变化。如: I can We can You can You can He They can She can It

2)有些情态动词有过去式,有少数过去式和它的原形相同。

a)有过去式的情态动词有: may -- would can ―― could may―― night shall -- should have to -- had to

b)过去式不变的情态动词有: must - must (或had to) ought to - ought to need---need

dare - dare(亦可用dared)

3)大多数情态动词后面可用动词的进行式、完成式和被动形式,如:can(may,must)be doing,can(may,must) have done,can(may,must)be done等。

否定式

情态动词和助动词一样,后面可直接跟否定词not。现将情态动词的否定式及其否定式的简略式(简略式用于口语中)列举如下:

shall not--shan't [FB:nt] will not---won't [wEunt] can not-can't [kB:nt] must not-mustn't [5mQsnt] should not-- shouldn't would not-- wouldn't

could not-- couldn't dare not- daren't [dZEnt] need not-- needn't 在疑问句中的用法

情态动词在疑问句中的用法和助动词相同。如: May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗?

Can you let me use your dictionary for a minute? 你能把字典借我用一会儿吗? Would you like to visit the heavy machinery plant? 你想参观重型机器厂吗? 注意have to在疑问句中的位置。如:

Do you have to go out today? 你今天一定得出去吗?

Does he have to finish the work tomorrow? 他明天非做完这项工作不可吗?

[英语语法手册]情态动词--can, could can和could can的词义

表示体力或脑力方面的\能力\或客观上的\可能\。如:

Can you ride a bike? Yes,I can.你能骑自行车吗?是的,我能骑。

Can Mr. Smith use chopsticks? No,he can't . 史密斯先生会用筷子吗?不,他不会。 Most women here can read and write now.这里的多数妇女都能识字,也会写字。 In China even barren mountains can be turned into fertile fields. 在中国,荒山也能变成良田。

can用在否定句和疑问句中时