英语语法-学英语必看英语语法手册(全)7 下载本文

内容发布更新时间 : 2024/12/27 14:34:38星期一 下面是文章的全部内容请认真阅读。

在这种句子中,can常可意谓\可能\,表示猜测和推理。如: It surely can't be six o'clock already? 不可能已经六点钟了吧?

You can't be hungry so soon,Tom. You've just had lunch. 顿姆,你不可能饿得这么快,你刚吃过午饭。

She cannot be so careless. 她不可能这么粗心。 Where can he be? 他会在什么地方呢? What can he mean? 他会是什么意思呢?

It surely can't be six o'clock already? 不可能已经是六点钟了吧? [注一] can加动词的进行时态,也可表示\可能\。如:

What can he be doing all this time? 他一直会是在干什么呢? She cannot be playing ping-pong now.她现在不可能在打乒乓球。 [注二] 在日常会话中,can可代替may表示\允许\,may比较正式,如: You can drop in any time. 你随时都可以来串门。

Can I use your basin? of course,you can.我可以用你的脸盆吗?--当然可以。 You can have my seat,I'm going now.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。 Could

could是Call的过去式,表示与过去有关的1)能力和2)可能(在否定和疑问句中)。如: 1)We were sure that he could do the work. 我们肯定他能做这工作。

He was a farmhand. He could not afford to send his son to school. 他是个雇农,他供不起儿子上学。

2)At that time we thought the Story could not be true.那时我们以为所说的事不可能是真的。

[注] could可代替can表示现在,但语气较为婉转。如: could you wait half an hour?请你等半个小时好吗?

could you please ring up again at six? 六点钟请你再来电话好吗?

could we visit a kindergarten? I've been wanting to see one ever since I came to China.我们可以访问一个幼儿园吗?我自从到中国来以后,一直想看一所幼儿园。

[注二]表示过去的能力并已完成一具体动作时须用were (was) able (to),不可用could。如:

I am glad we were able to catch the train. 我很高兴我们能赶上火车。但如未完成一具体动作,则可用could not。如:

I am sorry we couldn't (或weren't able to) catch the train.我很遗憾我们没有能赶上火车。

can的形式

can只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式,能表示现在一般和过去一般两种时态,有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态(包括将来)须用be able加动词不定式来表示。如:

With their help, we shall be able to finish the work in a few days. 有他们的协助,我们将会在几天之内完成这项工作。

They have not been able to come to Boston. 他们没有能到波斯顿来。

Mr. Johnson rang up just now to Say that he won't be able to come over this evening.约翰逊先生刚来电话,说今天晚上他来不了。

can,could用于否定或疑问句中

can (could)用于否定或疑问句中后面跟动词原形的完成式时,表示对过去发生事件的\可能性\。而could较can更加表示说话人的\不肯定的\语气。如:

Can he have left already? 他会是走了吗?

Could she have forgotten my address? 她会把我的地址忘记了吗?

It couldn't have been henry. He has gone to the factory. 不可能是亨利,他已经去工厂了。

Surely she can not have arrived so early. 他当然不可能这么早到这里的。

[注] could加动词的完成式时,有时表示\过去可能完成但事实上并没有实现的动作\。如:

You could have done the work better.你本来可以做得更好些。(事实上你做得不那么好)

You could have got the early train.你本来可以搭上早班火车的。(事实上没搭上)

[英语语法手册]情态动词--must must must的词义

must表示\必须\或\应当\。如:

I must leave at 9:00我必须在九点钟离开这里。 Soldiers must obey orders.士兵必须服从命令。

You must get to the stallion before three o'clock. 你必须在三点钟以前到达车站。 You must come earlier tomorrow.你明天得早点来。 must的否定式

must的否定形式must not表示\不应该\或 \不许可\,语气比较强烈。如:

We mustn't waste our time. 我们不应该浪费我们的时间。

Passengers must not walk across the railway line.旅客不要横穿铁路。

You mustn't miss that modern ballet,It is extremely good. 你可不要错过这个现代芭蕾舞剧,它好极了。

One must not divorce oneself from the masses.不应该脱离群众。 [注]说\不必\须用need not。如:

Must we hand in our exercises today? -No,You needn't.我们必须今天交练习吗? --不,不必今天交。

must也可表示过去

must只有现在式,通常用以表示现在,但有时也可以表示过去(多用在间接引语中)。如:

He told us we must all be ready by nine.他告诉我们在九点钟以前都得准备好。 It was too late to go back,we must go on.太晚了,回不去了,我们只有继续往前走。

[注] have to (必须)则可以表示各种时间。如:

I am afraid You will have to wait a while.我看你得等一会儿。

At every step I had to pull my legs out of the snow.我每走一步都得将双腿从雪中拔出来。

must也可表示说话人对事物的推测

但比may肯定得多,相当于汉语的\一定\或\准是\。如: He must be in the library now. 他现在准是在图书馆。

The old man must be over seventy now.那老人准有七十多岁了。

She must know how to do farm work. 她一定懂得怎样干农活。 You ate very little at breakfast today. You must be hungry now. 你今天早餐吃得很少,现在一定饿了。

[注] must加动词原形的进行式,也可表示对现在发生的动作的推测,有\一定\、\准是\的意思。如:

She must be working on the experimental plot.她现在一定在试验田里工作。 must加动词原形的完成式

说明对过去事物的推测,表示\一定\或\准是\的意思。如: I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She must have received it. 我是两星期以前发的信,她一定已经收到了。

She must have studied English before. 她以前一定学过英语。

How did you know about it? Somebody must have told you. 你怎么知道这事的?一定有人告诉你了。

[英语语法手册]情态动词--may, might may和might

may表示\允许\或\请求\

May I come in? -Yes,do. 我可以进来吗?--请进。 May I borrow you raincoat? 我可以借用你的雨衣吗? You may go now. 你现在可以走了。

You may ring us up any time during office hours.在办公时间你可以随时给我们打电话。