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2018届二轮复习 名词在短文语法填空和短文改错中的

考查讲与练

短文语法填空：本讲主要涉及名词的单复数和所有格，

——如何确定填名词的单复数还是所有格

判定方法 应用体验 ①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations 提示词为名词时，分析句子成分后(invitation) to star at shows in 若发现词性不需要改变，则一般考order to concentrate on her 查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定studies. 湖南师大附中模拟)This 语表示“??的”，则一般考查名②(2017·词的所有格。 could be Mary’s (Mary) motto — the expression that best captures her spirit. 桂林市联考)To them, life 当确定所填词是可数名词时，需要③(2017·考虑其单复数问题。除了根据上下is a competition (compete) — they 文语境之外，还可以通过以下信息have to do better than their peers 判断。 1.不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式。 2.有these, those, several, many, to be happy. ④(2017·山师大附中模拟)She had several illnesses (illness) when she was very young, including pneumonia and headache. all, both等词修饰时名词用复数⑤(2017·绵阳市模拟)It is one of 形式。 the world’s most-visited cities 3.名词前有one of 时用名词复数(city) in terms of international 形式。 arrivals and has the world’s 4.如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词largest city airport system. 是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单⑥(2017·成都市模拟)The 数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，dependence (depend) on mobile devices is even having physical 则空格处应填名词复数形式。 and mental effects. ⑦(2017·漳州市八校联考)Chances (chance) are that you will receive three different answers. 二 名词单复数的常考点

(一)名词复数的规则变化

自主练悟 ①(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her 一般在名词词尾直接加s。例如： garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena friend (朋友)→friends nation Pahlsson pulled out a handful of (国家)→nations small carrots (carrot) and was interest (兴趣)→interests change about to throw them away. (变化)→changes ②(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)The member (成员)→members wing new pilot says it’s never too late (翅膀)→wings to spread your wings (wing) and try something new. 谨记规律 ③(2017·河南省天一大联考)I 词尾是s, x, ch, sh时一般加es。例learned that spies usually hid 如： important letters in an umbrella, bus公共汽车→buses fox狐狸in a shoe, or even in a pair of →foxes ordinary glasses (glass)． coach教练→coaches branch树④(2017·银川一中二模)But 枝→branches without sunlight and good soil, bush灌木丛→bushes soon the leaves began to fall 注意：stomach(胃部)的复数形式是down and the branches 在词尾直接加s。 词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为ies；词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s。例如： enemy敌人→enemies hobby业余爱好→hobbies (branch) began to dry. ⑤(2016·四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda. ⑥(2017·唐山市一模)The 220-pound Qizai has become a difficulty困难→difficulties toy玩superstar, and many toys (toy) 具→toys in his color have been made. key钥匙→keys 词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为⑦(2017·石家庄市一模)On the other hand, if the water is not hot enough, the tea leaves (leaf) won’t open up and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor. ves。例如： shelf架子→shelves knife刀子→knives leaf叶子→leaves housewife家庭主妇→housewives ⑧(2017·江西省重点中学盟校联词尾是以辅音字母＋o结尾，直接加