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4.The speaker implies that ________ .

A. even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitation B. children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly C. children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak

D. patents can never hope to teach their children

B

For some time past, it has been widely accepted that babies and other creature - learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”, and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early time, had to be directly connected to such basic physiological“drives”as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.

It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except success in sight.

Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to“reward”the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements , such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response（回答） with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement“ turned on” some lights - and indeed that they were able to learn some more turns to bring about this result, for example, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.

Papousek’s light experiment was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the light closely although they would“ smile and speak” when the light was on. Papousek concluded that it was not the sight of the lights which pleased them. It was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and then there is a basic human nature to make sense of the world and bring it under

control.

5．According to the writer, babies learn to do things that ________. A. will satisfy their surprise B. will meet their physical needs C. are directly connected to pleasure D. will bring them a feeling of success

6．Paponsek noticed in his studies that a baby would ________. A. make learned responses when it saw the milk

B. continue the simple movements without being given milk C. turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink D. carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink

7．In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ________.

A. be praised B. please their parents C. be rewarded with milk D. have the lights turned on 8．The babies would“ smile and speak”at the lights because________. A. they succeeded in “turning on” the lights B. the sight of lights was interesting C. they need not turn back to watch the lights

D. the lights were directly connected to some basic“ drives” Ⅳ。短文改错

You can find all kinds information in just

1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________

a few minute on the Internet. It’s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books. Recently even though, many people have been discussing the dangers of the Internet. They have been reports in America about people

trying to steal person information for bad purposes. Finding information on the Net is easily. But not all information are good to society. For example, you

can find such information like how to kill people. The problem will become more serious in the future. Ⅴ. 书面表达

10. __________

假设你是校学生会主席，请你为下周要举行的英语演讲比赛制定评分标准，包含以下要点：

1．文章主题明确；20％ 2．语言表达清楚；10％ 3．发音准确地道；20％ 4．语速适中；10％ 5．带有感情色彩。40％ 不要逐条翻译，100字左右。

参考答案 A级

Ⅰ。单项填空

1～5 BBAAC 6～10 DBDAB

B级

Ⅰ。单项填空

1～5 DDADC 6～10 DCBCB 11～15 DBCDB Ⅱ。完形填空

1～5 BCCAB 6～10 DDACB 11～15 CDDCA 16～20 CBDCA

Ⅲ。阅读理解

1～4 DABA 5～8 DBDA Ⅳ。短文改错

1. kinds →kinds of 2. minute→minutes 3. have→having 4. even though→even though 5. √ 6.They→There 7. person→personal 8. easily→easy 9. are→is 10. like→as

Ⅴ。书面表达 One possible version:

If you want to get a very good grade in the coming English speech competition

next week, first, you must have a good piece of writing whose subject is quite clear. Also the article should have very good wording. And then, when you are giving the speech, you must pronounce every word correctly and you should have standard intonation and proper speed. The most important of all, you should give the speech with emotion. I hope that everybody is well prepared according to the rules mentioned above. Wish you good luck.

课文译文 在国外学习

许多语言学习者认为学习语言最好的方式就是去讲这种语言的国家里去学习一段时间。过去，对大多数人来说，去国外学习不过是一个遥远渺茫的梦想。但是，如今寻找出国的机会和方式都变得容易了。很多学校提供费用合理的不同学术水平的交流项目。这些项目有为初、高中生准备的，也有为大学生准备的，有些计划项目提供‘食宿’服务：去国外交流学生将与房东一家生活在一起。对于年龄较小的学生来说，这也许是最好的选择，因为这意味着学生不必担心食宿问题。与房东一家生活在一起也是学习他们国家文化的很不错的方式。大部分交流学生说他们感觉他们（自己）真正成了房东家庭的一员而且他们将一直保持着联系。

在国外的一年不仅仅是学一种语言的事。是的，一年后交流学生通常把要学的这门新语言掌握得很流利。但是大多数学生会告诉你，他们也学会许多比学习语言更重要的东西。成为一个交流学生有助于你和来自不同背景的人交朋友，近而了解另一种文化。一年的时间不足以让你去全部了解一个国家或一种文化，但它却足以开阔你的眼界，加深你对世界的了解。可能最有价值的便是你对你自己和自身文化的重新认识。呆在国内，你很少去停下来想一想你自己是一个什么样的人？你所拥有的文化真正是一种什么样的文化？作为一个交流学生，你不得不学着独立，别人也经常请你向他们介绍你的国家和文化。听起来似乎很奇怪，但是许多外访归来的学生说国外一年的生活，让他们第一次了解自己的国家和文化。

国外学习可能也有其缺点，他们在学到许多有用的东西同时，有些人也有可能学习成绩要落后。由于交流学生一开始总是要经历语言和文化障碍，他们

将不能够被编入与国内同水平的班级上课。许多父母担心他们的孩子的安全问题，费用的高低也在考虑之列。

如果你在考虑出国学习一段时间的话，你应该先查找尽可能多的不同计划项目。你需要考虑费用及所停留的时间。交流学生协会可以提供你有用的信息。如果你从未去过国外或从没单独旅行过，最好先从短期的开始，比如一个暑期课程。当你收集了基本的信息后，第二步就是来比较不同的项目安排。找一个合适的课程是很重要的，因为你的决定将影响整个家庭，你的父母应起积极的作用，他们帮你一起寻找什么是最好的。你也需要与去过国外的学生联系，听听他们的经历。

学外语：两倍的努力？

学习一种语言显然不仅仅是记住单词、词组以及句子结构。我们学习母语的时候，并没有受过多少正规的指导，极少有父母会给孩子上语言课。通过与周围人的交往，我们学会了母语。在这个交往的过程中，我们是如何学会发音、单词、语法以及句子构成呢？而且最令人迷惑不解的是，我们是怎么学会理解话的意思以及分辨语言中出现的错误呢？

语言专家给了不同的答案，有些人认为我们有天生学习语言的能力而且我们的大脑适应母语语言文化。另一些人认为我们学习语言与学习其他事情一样，比如走路、解决问题，我们生来就具备这种学习与适应能力，而不是仅仅学习语言这一专有能力。尽管理论不同，但专家们都一致认为：生活是一所成功的语言学校。事实上，每个人到他5岁的时候，就学会了使用语言且已掌握了它最基本的用法。

学习外语与学习母语有所不同，通常是在学校里学习外语，很少有机会与讲这种语言的人交流。而且，学外语要比学母语快得多，这让你听起来似乎很难相信—— 想想所有你花在刻苦学习英语上的那些时间吧。但是一旦你仔细分析情况，就会意识到这的确是真的。学习母语时，只要清醒着，你就一直用母语交流。换句话说，一整天你都在学习这种语言！这样学了五年，想想那是多少日日夜夜。如果你花同样多的时间去学英语，你会取得巨大的进展，当我们学外语的时候，也获得了许多帮助：我们有教科书与老师的指导以及同学的帮助。因此，

我们能学到更多的学习方法和技巧，那就意味着更具成效。

同样学外语，为什么有人会比别人学得好呢？研究表明，成功语言学习者有一些共同的特点。数据显示在多种调查项目中，成功语言学习者的共性是：了解自己的兴趣、对世界的好奇心、抢抓机遇以及对自身能力的自信。为了对付学习上的一系列挑战，成功语言学习者也使用了不同的学习方法和学习计划。

他们计划并评价学习，因此，他们获得自信并感到轻松且享受知识。有了更强的自控力和成就感 积极的学习者能够更快地学会新技巧且更好地学以致用。结果，他们在理解力、词汇学习、写作及口语上做得更好，越从容越放松，学语言的进程就会愈出色。自信、有安全感的学生才会是佼佼者。他们更愿意去冒险，把自己放在新的学习情境中。否则，他们将不愿尝试新的体验，不愿犯错误。而只有新的尝试和不断纠错才有助于学习能力的提高。

学习的目的也是重要的，并不是所有的人都想当翻译。大部分人仅仅只是想学英语以供日常使用。有些人学语言，大概比其他人更有兴趣和能力，但这并不等于我们就无法提高。学习语言需要耐心，如果我们想成为一个成功的语言学习者，就应该全力借鉴上述的学习习惯及学习特点。一旦我们掌握了学习方法，可能就会发现比起学母语来，学外语不需要去付出两倍的努力。而事实上，是两倍的容易，两倍的快乐。