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But cities are not merely dormitories. They are complex social and economic organisms. And if cities are to be engines of growth, they require good planning and high quality services.

For a healthy and motivated workforce, strong public services are required, such as education, health care, housing and transportation. And for competitive enterprises, good business services are required, such as financial, professional and communication services.//

但城市并不仅仅是宿舍。它们更是复杂的社会和经济机体。如果城市要成为经济增长的动力，就需要进行良好的规划和提供高质量的服务。对于一支健康向上的劳工队伍而言，需要城市提供良好的公共服务，如教育、医疗保健、住房和交通。对于有竞争力的企业而言，

需要城市提供良好的商业服务，如金融服务、专业服务和通讯服务。

In Guangdong, we need to ensure that the planning of cities anticipates population growth rather than falling behind it.// In Guangzhou, in particular, such a change is being made, with the movement of factories to the edge of town, the development of residential communities and the redevelopment of the centre. This is a massive undertaking and shows a vision for the cities of tomorrow and serves as a role model for other cities.//

在广东，我们需要确保城市规划超前于人口的增长，而不是落后于人口的增长。对广州而言，这种变化正在发生之中。这里的工厂正向城市的外围搬迁，居民区正被大量开发，

市区中心正在二次开发。这既是一个规模宏大的进程，又展现了未来城市的前瞻力，还为其他城市的发展提供了样板。

（（BP 公司执行董事、首席财务官高拜伦博士在广东省长国际咨询会议上的发言2003 年11 月3 日,节选）

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我非常喜欢年轻人，因为年轻人他们蛮开放，而且不会保守，他们代表了我们的未来。//

今年在SARS 爆发期间，我想到了学生们，非常关心他们，然后我又想从他们身上可以得到一些力量，这就是为什麽当时我到了清华大学和他们共进午餐，同时我也到了北京大学和他们交谈，在图书馆里面和他们交谈，在那个时候，你也许感受不到我们所处的气氛，但是就是这些年轻人还是那样的乐观，他们憧憬着美丽的将来。//

他们和我说，人们喜欢说，当树叶出叶的时候，整棵树都是绿的。他们都希望作为树上的叶子，他就问我，总理，这棵大树上你喜欢成为这棵树的哪一部分？我马上就回答说，我也是其中一片叶子，就像你们一样。//

作为一个演讲者，首先听演讲的人要知道他是一个什么人，这样才可以彼此交心。//

I like young people very much. Because young people are always so energetic and they have the least conservative ideas, and they represent the future of our world. And this year during the outbreak of the SARS epidemic, I thought about the students. I cared a lot for them, and I wanted to gain strength from them. So that was why I went to our Tsinghua University to have lunch with them. And also I went to Beijing University and I had a chat with the students in the

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library.

At that time probably you could not have imagined what an atmosphere we were in, but I felt that the young people were as hopeful as ever. They always dream about a beautiful future. They pointed to the trees outside the window and said to me, \all the leaves grow, when the tree becomes green all over, this crisis will be over. And they also said that they would all rather be the green leaves themselves, and they asked me, Premier, in this big tree, which part of the tree are you? I immediately replied, \the leaves like you.\and I owe you this because in this way we can have a heart-to-heart discussion.

大家知道，我出身在一个教师的家庭，我的童年是在战火中度过的，我没有在座的同学们那样一个美好的童年，在日本侵略者用刺刀把人们赶到广场的时候，我曾经依偎在妈妈身边，後来战火无情的烧掉了我的全家，连我祖父在农村办的那所小学，我的工作大部分时间都是在中国最艰苦的地方度过的。//

因此，我对我的国家，对我的人民，了解的深，爱的深。//

As you know, as you probably know, I'm the son of a schoolteacher. I spent my childhood mostly in the smoke and fire of war. I was not as fortunate as you as a child. When Japanese aggressors drove all the people in my place to the Central Plaza, I had to huddle closely against my mother.

Later on, my whole family and house were all burned up, and even the primary school that my grandpa built himself all went up in flames. In my work life, most of the time I worked in areas under the most harsh conditions in China. Therefore I know my country and my people quite well and I love them so deeply.

（2003 年12 月10 日温家宝总理在美国哈佛大学的演讲“将目光投向中国”，节选）

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各位嘉宾，女士们、先生们：

在美丽的金秋时节，我很高兴能在既古老神秘又充满现代活力的古都西安，迎来参加\中国西部论坛\的各位嘉宾。//

借此机会，我愿意就加入世贸组织后外商投资中国西部的新机遇，向各位嘉宾作一简要介绍，希望进一步促进外商积极参与中国西部大开发，推动广大的西部地区加快经济和社会发展的进程。//

Distinguished guests, Ladies and gentlemen,

In the golden autumn, I am very happy to welcome the distinguished guests to China West Forum 2001 in the ancient capital Xi'an, an age-old and mysterious city full of dynamism the modern era. Taking this opportunity, I would like to brief you on the new opportunities for foreign investment in the west after China joins the WTO. I hope that foreign businesspeople could take part in the development of western regions more actively to advance the economic and social development of the vast western areas.

女士们、先生们：

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中国恢复关贸总协定缔约国地位和加入世贸组织已经走过了15 年历程。15

年的沧桑变化，已经深深印在中国人的记忆之中，并且也为每一位关心和支持中国现代化事业的外国朋友所见证。值得欣慰的是，近年来，在有关各方的共同努力下，中国加入世贸组织的进程明显加快//

Ladies and gentlemen,

China has gone through a journey of 15 years in order to first resume the contracting party status in GATT and later to enter the WTO. The twists and turns over the past 15 years have been deeply embedded in the minds of the Chinese people and witnessed by each and every foreign friend who cares for and supports China's cause of modernization. However, it is a comfort to see that China's accession to the WTO has been noticeably accelerated with the concerted efforts of various relevant parties over recent years.

今年5 月和6 月，中国先后同美国、欧盟就中国加入世贸组织多边谈判的遗留问题进行磋商，并达成了全面共识。7 月初和7 月中旬，世贸组织第16 次和第17 次中国工作组会议， 结束了中国加入世贸组织的实质性谈判，完成了中国加入世贸组织的议定书、中国工作组报告书等多边法律文件的起草工作。//

我相信，9 月召开的第18 次中国工作组会议，将最终通过中国加入世贸组织的所有法律文件，并将这些法律文件提交世贸组织总理事会审议，从而结束中国工作组的工作。//

如无特别情况，今年11 月在卡塔尔多哈举行的世贸组织第四次部长级会议，将正式通过决议，接纳中国成为世贸组织正式成员。经过15 年的艰辛努力， 中国加入世贸组织即将成为现实。//

In May and June this year, China held consultations and reached comprehensive consensus with US and EU on the outstanding issues in the multilateral negotiation of China's WTO accession. In early and mid July, the WTO held the 16th and 17th sessions of the China Working Party Meeting, at which the substantive negotiation on China's WTO entry was concluded with the drafting of the Protocol, Working Party Report and other multilateral legal documents regarding China's WTO accession completed.

I believe at the 18th Working Party Meeting to be convened in September, all the legal documents on China's accession will be eventually adopted and submitted to the WTO General Council for review, thus wrapping up the historic mission of the WTO Working Party on China. Hard endeavor of 15 years is about to turn China's entry to the WTO into a reality.

女士们、先生们：

吸收外商直接投资，是中国对外开放基本国策的重要组成部分。二十多年来，随着改革开放逐步深化，中国吸收外资的规模和质量不断提高。//

截至2001 年7 月底，中国累计批准设立的外商投资企业37. 8 万家，合同外资金额7170.1 亿美元，实际使用外资金额3728.3 亿美元。// 今年以来，外商来华直接投资继续保持良好势头。1-7 月，共批准设立外商投资企业1.4 万家，比去年同期增长18.2%；合同外资金额402.9 亿美元，增长45.8%；实际使用外资金额242.1 亿美元，增长21.7%。//

Ladies and gentlemen,

FDI absorption constitutes an important component of China's basic state policy of reform and opening up. As the reform and opening up going into depth over the past two decades

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and more, China has been constantly improving its FDI utilization in terms of scale and quality.

As of the end of July 2001, China had cumulatively approved 378,000 foreign funded enterprises with a contractual value of USD 717.01 billion, of which USD 372.83 billion had been actually paid in. China has maintained a good momentum in its FDI attraction since this year. January through July, 14,000 foreign-invested enterprises were approved to establish, 18.2% higher than the corresponding period of last year, the contractual value of foreign investment grew by 45.8% to USD 40.29 billion and the actually utilized value climbed by 21.7% to USD 24.21 billion.

在中国东部地区吸收外资迅速增长的同时，西部地区吸收外资也取得了明显进展。截至2001 年6 月底，西部地区吸收外商直接投资的项目数、合同外资金额和实际使用外资金额，在全国总量中所占比重分别为7.3%、6%和5.3%。今年1-6 月，西部地区新设立外商投资企业742 家，合同外资19.1 亿美元，实际使用外资7.1 亿美元。//

加入世贸组织，是中国社会主义市场经济发展的内在要求，也顺应了世界经济发展的客观趋势，必将为世界各国和地区同中国开展经济贸易合作提供前所未有的机遇。//

While the FDI absorption of the eastern areas is growing at a rapid speed, the western regions have also made obvious headway in its FDI attraction. Up to the end of June 2001, the project number, contractual value and actually utilized value of FDI in the west accounted for 7.3%, 6% and 5.3% of the national total. In the first 6 months of this year, 742 new foreign invested enterprises were set up in the western regions with the contractual value amounting to USD 1.91 billion and actually utilized value, USD 710 million.

Joining the WTO is an inherent requirement of China's development of its socialist market economy which also complies with the objective trend of the world economic progress, and it will bring about unprecedented opportunities to the economic and trade cooperation between China and various countries and regions in the world.

加入世贸组织后，中国将有步骤地开放银行、保险、电信、外贸、内贸、旅游等服务领域，制定统一、规范、透明的投资准入政策，抓紧制定和完善相关涉外法律法规，提高涉外经济工作依法行政水平，建立健全符合国际通行规则和我国国情的对外经济贸易体制。外商来中国投资，参与西部大开发，正面临着新的发展机遇。//

After becoming a member of the WTO, China will open service areas such as banking, insurance, telecommunication, foreign trade, domestic trade, tourism step by step, formulate uniform, standard and transparent investment access policy, intensify efforts to enact and perfect relevant foreign related laws and regulations, improve the level of administration according to law in foreign related economic work, establish and perfect the foreign economic and trade regime consistent with the international prevailing rules and actual situation in China. Foreign business people are facing new development opportunities in making investment in China and participating in the development of western regions.

(中国加入世贸组织后外商投资的新机遇--外经贸部副部长孙振宇在\中国西部论坛\上的演讲节选)

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（Speech at China West Forum 2001--SUN Zhenyu, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 节选）

第三单元演讲技巧

第一部分技能篇

口译与笔译的最大区别之一，就在于口译工作者绝非“一切尽在不言中”，而是身处“台前”进行工作。虽然文化派翻译理论认为，即使在笔译中，译者也是“可见”（visible）的，但从工作特点来看，口译员显然更为“可见”。

这种可见性，既使口译工作充满了乐趣，也给译员带来了许多挑战。站在大庭广众之中， 于众目睽睽之下开口讲话，本身就不是一件容易的事情。姑且不论翻译的质量如何，译员首先应该是一个出色的讲话人。否则，即便翻译得再出色，也会因为拙劣的音质、节奏或吐词而使听众感到索然无味。显而易见，对于一个成功的口译工作者来说，掌握扎实的演讲技巧是根本要务。

1．熟悉讲话场所，增强演讲效果

为了获得良好的沟通效果，译员在达到工作地点后，一定要先熟悉工作环境。观察发言人所处的房间设施如何，屋顶的高低、窗帘的厚度、房间的面积等都会对音效造成影响。此外，发言人需要对多少观众讲话，是在讲台上发言还是流动讲话，这些问题译员都需要考虑。对于译员本人来说，是站在讲话人身边还是退到舞台一侧，有没有辅助工具（如麦克风）， 是有支架的麦克风、手持无线麦克风还是便携式无线麦克风，在工作开始前的短暂时间里， 应该尽可能充分地掌握情况。特别要注意调试麦克风，以免出现音质有问题或电池电量不够的尴尬场面。

2．综合运用演讲的几大要素

讲话人声音的产生伴随着一系列生理过程——首先是从肺部呼出气流，气流经过喉，振动声带而形成声音；再经过咽、嘴和鼻腔，声音被放大和修饰，最后通过舌、唇、齿和颚等部位形成特定的音。译员在翻译中应注意演讲几个要素的运用，即：音量（volume）、音调（pitch）、节奏（rate）、停顿（pauses）、发音（pronunciation）和吐词（enunciation）。

2.1 音量：讲话人声音的大小和强弱程度。译员切勿大声喊叫，即使是发言人声音过大， 也不可受到影响而提高音量。适中的音量即使自己的翻译容易被听众接受，也不会显得信心不足或喧宾夺主。在翻译过程中调节音量是必要的。译员从开始讲话就应注意观察听众表情， 特别是最前排和最后排听众的表情。前排听众露出不快的表情或者后排听众露出不解的表情，都是音量不合适的信号。

2.2

音调：声音的高低程度。一般来说，译员在翻译中最好采用中音，因为中音显得沉稳可信，并应注意通过音调的变化让听众感受到友好、温和、诚恳和热情。作为译员，表现出强烈的情感是不合适的，不温不火的音调可以显得自己更加客观。然而，这绝不意味着译员应自始至终使用一种音调，单调不变的音调会是听众感到沉闷，极大地破坏演讲效果。

2.3

节奏：讲话人声音传递时的速度快慢。通常，中文表达速度是每分钟150-180 字， 英

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