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4 Rewrite the sentences using before which , during which or after which .

1 I thought about the problem for a long time. Then I decided how I was going to solve it.

I thought about the problem for a long time, after which I decided how I was going to solve it.

2 She went jogging for an hour. While she was jogging a lot of thoughts went through her mind.

She went jogging for an hour, during which a lot of thoughts went through her mind.

3 Frank was admitted to hospital at the end of June. Before this happened, he had a lot of tests.

Frank was admitted to hospital at the end of June, before which he had a lot of tests.

4 I suggest you take a week off work. You can use this period to relax and spend time with your family.

I suggest you take a week off work, during which you can relax and spend time with your family.

5 Marzia spent a month on a low-fat diet. By the end of the month, she felt healthier.

Marzia spent a month on a low-fat diet, after which she felt healthier. 6 I’d like you to read this report carefully. Then we will discuss it.

I’d like you to read this report carefully, after which we will discuss it.

7 Shane spent three months in that boring job. He was depressed for the whole time.

Shane spent three months in that boring job, during which he was depressed.

8 My brother has been working as an educational psychologist for seven years. Before that, he trained as a teacher.

My brother has been working as an educational psychologist for seven years, before which he trained as a teacher commit oneself to doing something

6 Rewrite the sentences using the structure commit oneself to doing something .

1 I said I would work harder this month. I committed myself to working harder this month.

2 They gave their word that they would provide financial help.

They committed themselves to providing financial help.

3 The government should make up its mind to support this project. The government should commit itself to supporting this project. 4 We have promised to provide the money for the new hospital. We have committed ourselves to providing the money for the new hospital.

7 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.

1 How does your university maintain contact / links with former students?

2 His promising / brilliant career as a young diplomat was interrupted when he became seriously ill.

3 Bird flu didn’t turn out to be the killer disease the international community had feared.

4 I’m not exaggerating. I think we all have a realistic chance of passing this exam.

5 Although not seriously injured, he had to undergo minor surgery as a result of the accident.

6 I think you are suffering from a psychological problem rather than an actual physical illness.

7 You never know when an emergency can happen. It’s important to be on the alert.

8 He’s been in that job for too long. I think it’s time for him to make a career move.

8 Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1 This never-say-die spirit is best represented by the 19th century maxim, “If you don’t succeed, try, try again.”

19 世纪的格言“如果你一次不成功，就再试一次”充分体现了这种永不言败的精神。

2 They found that people who readily jumped back into life had a greater sense of purpose and were less likely to think about the past. 他们发现那些迅速重返生活的人拥有更强的目标感，不太可能去想过去的事。

3 For young people, it’s part of creating an individual identity in the world.

对年轻人来说，这是他们在世上创建个人身份时必做的一件事。 4 The impact of weight on your limbs and joints will strengthen them against bone disease, and although this happens more with older people, it’s never too late to build up bone density. （? 代词的翻译： this 指骨科疾病，翻译的时候只说“这”会造成指代不清，因此此处需要将 this 指代的内容完全 译出。）

体重对四肢和关节的压力将增强它们抵御骨科疾病的能力。虽然这种疾病多发生在老年人身上， 但是任何时候增加骨密度都为时不晚。

5 Scientists estimate that walking as little as 30 minutes a day will help the immune system and give greater protection against ill health. （? 注意：help 的意思是 make something better。） 科学家们估计每天只要步行 30 分钟就能改善免疫系统，更好地保护身体免受疾病的侵害。

9 Translate the sentences into English.

1 在灾难面前，人们不惜一切代价挽救生命。(in the face of; at any cost) In the face of a disaster, people save lives at any cost.

2 他认为在整个项目开始之初就对计划进行调整没有意义。(there’s no point in doing …; adjust)

He believed that there would be no point in adjusting the plan at the beginning of the whole project.

3 学生们正在集中精力复习功课，突然之间这座城市发生地震了。(concentrate; all of a sudden)

Students were concentrating on reviewing lessons when, all of a sudden, an earthquake struck the city.

4 他答应坚持锻炼身体，但是我们都清楚，他迟早是要放弃的。(keep on; a matter of)

He promised to keep on taking exercise, but we all know it’s just a matter of time before he gives up.

5 他以专心从事慈善事业而闻名。(distinguish oneself; commit oneself to)

He distinguishes himself by committing himself to charities. Unit 10

Active Reading (1)

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Complete the interview with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.

A Today there’s a lot of (1) controversy about environmental issues. Some people believe that, unless we take action now, global disaster is (2) inevitable. But others (3) criticize this point of view. They say that the temperature of the earth is always changing, and we can do nothing about it. What do you think?

B Well, it’s a (4) complicated problem, and there’s no easy solution. I think the (5) threat which global warming (6) poses is very real, and we should (7) ensure that we do everything we can to slow down