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过去分词作——定语、表语、宾补、状语 trapped animal The Past Participle used As Attribute and Predicative = the animal which was trapped 第一讲、过去分词做定语和表语 1.English is a widely used language. 不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动2.He threw away the broken cup. 词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。 3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s. boiled water 4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower = water which has boiled than store prices. fallen leaves 单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面; = the leaves which have fallen 过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。 risen sun spoken English = the sun which has risen = English which is spoken terrified people 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔 = the people who are terrified 开。 an organized way The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular = a way that is organized with teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。 affected area 灾区 Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had = the area which is affected never been to Beijing. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大， stolen culture relics 从没过北京. = culture relics that had been stolen the book recommended by the teacher The book _written by the farmer (一本农民写的书) is very = the book which was recommended by the teacher popular. printed articles The building built last year (去年建的楼房) now collapsed in = articles that are printed the Wenchuan earthquake. 1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定语 The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天会议2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定语 上讨论的) was very difficult to solve. 3) He got interested in the two theories. 表语 The window broken by that naughty boy被那个顽皮男孩打破4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表语 的) is being repaired. The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在医院检 查的) were seriously ill. 表语 Past Participle as the Attribute Past Participle as the Predicative定语 The people exposed to the sun (暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt. The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student. 1.people who are terrified 1.terrified people The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried 2.seats that are reserved disease. 2.reserved seats The English today is quite different from the English spoken in 3.water that is polluted 3.polluted water the past 300 years (300年前所说的). Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀请去参加聚会的) 4.a room that is crowded 4.a crowded room were from South Africa. The students inspired by the teacher (受到老师鼓舞的)worked 5.a winner that is pleased 5.a pleased winner harder than ever before. 6. Astonished children 6.children who look astonished The Olympic Games, __A_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912. 7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing 8.a closed door 8.a door that is closed ①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表 9.the tired audience 9.the audience who feel tired示的动作已完成。 ②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。 10.a trapped animal 10.an animal that is trapped ③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C. There are many fallen leaves on the ground. Consolidation 巩固 = There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有1. Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower 许多落叶) than store prices. Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never A. are bought B. bought been to Beijing. C. been bought D. buying = Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 2. With a lot of different problems ____, (他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北 the newly-elected president is having 京) a hard time. A. settled B. settling 及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的 C. to settle D. being settled 时间性,只表示被动关系。 polluted water 3. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people = water which is polluted with specific knowledge. reserved seats A. being known B. having been known = the seats which were reserved

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C. to be known D. known The book written by Lu Xun is very good. The road completed yesterday is leading to Tibet. 4. When I got back, I saw a message ____ to the door____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” 第二讲、过去分词作宾补用法归纳 A. pin, read B. pinning, reading 英语中过去分词可作宾补，（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词） C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read 表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分 词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对2）作表语 表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的象。如： 过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。 有被动的关系，表一种状态。) The window is broken. 窗户碎了。 一． 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。 Don’t get so excited. 别这么激动。 Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time. 1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看） 状态，此时相当于一个形容词。 Don't leave such an important thing undone. 2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time. 者，后面常跟by短语。 二．过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。 ① The glass is broken. 1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：

A）表\让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做\ The glass was broken by Tom.

② The windows are closed. eg: I have had my bike repaired.

The villagers had many trees planted just then. The windows are closed by Jack.

3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested, B)表\遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受..... 损失\ surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month. (如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语,表示状态.The old man had his leg broken in the accident. 其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。 He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986) ① How did the audience receive the new play? 2.\宾语+过去分词\在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必

须是表示结果含义的。如： They got very excited. ② How did Bob do in the exams this time? They managed to make themselves understood in very simple

English. Well, his father seems pleased with his results. ③ She was very disappointed to hear the result. I raised my voice to make myself heard. ④ He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners. 三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen 作表语练习： to ,feel,find等后面。如

When we got to school,we saw the door locked. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________by the hour.

We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay

该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给He felt himself cheated. 某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see

carried out the next year.(NMET2000) get wounded.

四、过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”1. The rooms are ____, so you can’t move in. 这一类动词后面做宾补。如

A. painted B. painting The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment. C. being painted D. to be painted I would like my house painted white. 2. As soon as he entered the city, he ____. I want the suit made to his own measure. A. was losing B. got losing I wish the problem settled. C. grew lost D. got lost 五、过去分词用在“with +宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分3. What he has done is really ____.Now his parents 词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如： are _____ him. The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. A. disappointing; disappointed at With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the B. disappointing; disappointed about building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden. C. disappointing; disappointed with With everything well arranged,he left the office. D. disappointed; disappointing by 六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。 现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别 动作同时进行。 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义． 过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成． 语动作。 a moving movie 感人的电影 不定式作宾补： 表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看 a moved audience 被感动的观众 到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。 boiling water 正在烧(煮沸)的eg:He didn't notice me waiting. 水 I heard the song sung in English. boiled water 已煮沸的水 I saw him opening the window. developing countries 反展中国家 I saw the window opened. developed countries 发达国家 I saw him open the window. falling leaves 落叶(正在进I heard her sing the song in English. 行) fallen leaves 落叶(已经完专项训练1： 成) 1.___ poor at English, I'm afraid I can't make myself ___.

A.To be;understand B.I'm ;to understand C.Being ;understanding The child standing over there is my brother.

D.Being;understood The room facing south is our classroom.

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2.I have had my bike ___ ,and I'm going to have somebody ___ my radio tomorrow.

A.repair;to repair B.repairing;to be repaired C.repaired;repair D.to repair;repairing

3.You must get the work ___ before Friday. A.do B.to do C.doing D.done

4.___ the room,the nurse found the tape-recorder ___.

A.Entering;stealing B.Entering;gone C.To have entered; being stolen D.Having entered;to be stolen

5.We are pleased to see the problem ___ so quickly. A.settled B.having been settled C.be settled D.settling

6.Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.(上海1999） A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired

7.It is wise to have some money ___ for old age.(NMET1996) A.put away B.keep up C.give away D.laid up (put away 放好, 储存...备用, 处理掉, 放弃, 抛弃)

8.I don't want the children ___ out in such weather. A.take B.to take C.taken D.taking

9.I'm afraid that I can't make myself ___ be cause of my poor English.

A.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood

10.The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.

A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied (表动作完成） 专项训练2：

1.We found her greatly ___.

A.improving B.changed C.to help D.having disturbed 2.Jane got her bad tooth ___ at the dentist's.

A.to put in B.pulled out C.pushed out D.drawing out

3.When ____ ,the museum will be open to the public next year.(上海2002)

A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed 4.With a lot of difficulties ___ ,they went to the seashore and had a good rest.

A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled

5.The research is so designed that once ___ nothing can be done to change it.(NMET2002)

A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun( once begun 在句中作状语，begin为及物动词:“着手”） 6.___ ,they went home,___.

A.Their work had been finished;singing and laughing B.They had finished their work;sang and laughed C.Their work finished ;singing and laughing D.after their work finished;singing and laughing

7.Before he came to London,he had never heard a single English word ___

A.speaking B.speak C.spoken D.to speak

8.____ more attention,the trees could have grown better. A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given

9.___ from space,the earth with water ___70％ of its surface looks like a \

A.Seen ;covered B.Being seen;covers C.Seeing;covering D.Seen;covering

10.____,the experiment will be successful.

A.If carefully doing B.If it done carefully C.If carefully done D.If doing carefully

11.The girl wrote a composition without ___. A.ask B.asking C.being asked D.to be asked

12.He finished his homework and then went on ___me. A.helping B.with help C.with helping D.to help 13.___where to go ,he asked a policeman. A.Having lost his way and not knowing B.Losing his way and didn't know C.Having lost his way and didn't know D.Lost his way and didn't know

14.____ her friend was badly hurt,she burst into tears. A.Hearing B.Having heard C.To hear D.Heard 15.____ his team had won, his face lit up at once.

A.Knowing B.When knowing C.After knowing D.When he knew 专项训练3：

1.They hurried back home only to find their house ___ into. A.break B.to break C.broken D.breaking

2.When he came to,he found himself ___ on a chair, with his hands ___ back.

A.to sit;tied B.sitting;tying C.sat;tied D.sitting;tied

3.We do not feel ___ to enter modern buildings;everything about them seems unfriendly.

A.invited B.inviting C.to invite D.to be invited

(feel后加形容词，此处的invited 表主语we 的感受)

4.I'm going to have my letters ____ tomorrow if I've got them ready by then.

A.to type B.type C.typed D.typing

5.Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty ___ in art and literature.

A.expressed B.to express C.being expressed D.to be expressed 答案：

专项训练1：1-10 DCDBA CACDD

专项训练2：:1-15 BBAAD DDADC CDDAD 专项训练3：:1-5 CDACA

第三讲、Past Participle As the adverbial 过分作状语 Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..

Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.

Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep. 过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。

Heated , water changes into steam .

The professor came in, followed by a group of young people . 1 作原因状语，等于as / since / because 引导从句

Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …

2 作时间状语，等于when 引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。

When heated , water can be changed into steam .

Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…

3 作条件状语等于 if / whether 引导从句

Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….

Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you … 4 作方式或伴随状语

The actress came in , followed by her fans . She sat by the window , lost in thought . 5 作让步状语

Much tired ,he still kept on working .＝（Although he was tired ,) he ….

6 独立主格结构： 当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。

The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat . All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers . Rewrite with proper conjunctions

? Example : United we stand, divided we fall.

If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will

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