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副词

易错清单

1. how often,how long,how far,how soon巧辨析

how often有“多久一次”的意思,是就做某事的频率提问。常用“Twice a year.”,“Three times a week.”等回答。如:

—How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视? —Three times a week. 每周三次。

how long表示 “时间多久或物体多长”, 表示时间侧重指 “一段时间”。针对 “how long” 的回答一般是时间段,如 “for three days”, “three years”。如:

—How long did he stay here?他在这儿待了多久? —About two weeks. 大约两个星期。 —How long is the river?这条河有多长? —About 500 km. 大约500千米。

how soon表示 “多久之后”,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问。how soon的回答一般是: in+时间段。如:

—How soon will he be back?他要多久才回来? —In an hour. 一小时以后。

(4)how far 是提问“路程有多远”,询问距离。如: How far is it from his house? 距离他家有多远?

2. too,enough,so同作副词,差别大

too作副词,用在“too... to”结构, too... to结构中的动词不定式部分为否定意义,意为“太……而不能……”。如:

He is too young to go to school. 他年龄太小了不能上学。

enough用作副词时,意为“足够”,“形容词或副词原级+enough to”结构意为“足以能够”,是肯定意义。如:

He is old enough to go to school. 他到了上学的年龄了。

so意为“如此”,用于“so... that... (如此……以至于……)”,so后接形容词或副词,that后面加从句。如:

He is so old that he can't go on working. 他年龄太大,不能继续工作了。 3. already,still,yet用法巧辨析

already通常用于肯定句中,表示“已经”。如: I have already seen the film.

我已经看过这部电影了。

yet用来谈论某事是否已经发生,多用于疑问句和否定句中。在疑问句中,意为“已经”,在否定句中意为“还,尚”,通常放在句末;not yet可用于简略回答,意为“还没有”。如:

He hasn't finished reading the book yet. 他还没有读完这本书。

—Have you finished your homework?你完成家庭作业了吗? —No,not yet. 不,还没有。

still意为“仍然,还”,强调过去发生的事情及存在的状况目前还在延续。在现在进行时中,still只表示动作正在持续。如:

He's still living with his mother. 他仍与母亲住在一起。

4. either,also,too用法“也”不同

also用于肯定句,常用在实义动词前be动词后。如: He also attended the meeting yesterday. 昨天他也参加了会议。

He is also a scientist. 他也是科学家。 too用于肯定句,在句末,too前须有逗号。如: He can swim,too. 他也会游泳。

either用于否定句,通常放在句末,之前需加逗号。如: He didn't attend the meeting,either. 他也没去参加会议。

5. ago,before“以前”差别大

ago表示“从现在起若干时间以前”,常与动词一般过去式连用,而且ago只能作副词。如: He left Shanghai three days ago. 他三天前离开了上海。

before表示“从过去某时起若干时间以前”,常与过去完成式连用。before既可作副词又可作介词和连词。如:

I had finished the work two days before. 两天前我已完成了工作。(副词)

I visited him two days ago,but he had gone to Paris five days before. 我于两天前去访问他,可是他已于那日5天前赴巴黎去了。(副词) 6. much too,too much词序颠倒,意不同

too much可以用作副词,也可以形容词,意为“太多、过于”。用作副词时,在句中作状语。如: Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太久,对你的眼睛不好。

His father was too much surprised to see him here. 他的爸爸看到他在这儿非常吃惊。

too much用作形容词时,常用来修饰不可数名词。如:

He drank too much beer last night. 他昨晚酒喝得太多。

Please don't waste too much money. 请不要浪费太多的钱。

too much 用作名词时,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。如: Too much was happening all at once. 同时发生的事太多了。

Mike,you have eaten too much. You can't eat any more. 迈克,你吃得太多了,你不能再吃了。 It's too much for me. 这个我干不了。

much too用作副词时,通常用来修饰形容词或副词,意为“极其、非常、实在太”。如: Do you enjoy traveling by plane much too? 你特别喜爱乘飞机旅游吗?

This problem is much too difficult for me to work out. 这个问题非常难,我算不出来。

This shirt is much too expensive for him. 这件衬衫对他来说,实在太贵了。 7. hard与hardly没有共同语言

当hard用作副词时,意为“努力地、困难地、猛烈地”等。如: Does Tom work hard at his lessons? 汤姆学习努力吗?

It`s raining hard outside now. Don't go out. 现在外面正下着大雨,不要出去。

hardly并不是hard加上后缀所构成的副词,hardly只能用作副词,意为“几乎没有、几乎不”。如: I can hardly see anything on the blackboard. 我几乎看不见黑板上的任何东西。 My father hardly ever watches TV. 我爸爸几乎不看电视。

提分策略

在近几年中考英语试题中,对副词的考查主要集中在副词的辨析用法、副词比较等级、副词与形容词的选择等,同时也涉及到含有副词的习惯用法和固定短语。题目设计更加注重语境创设,考查学生在特定语境中运用副词的能力。复习过程中需要重点掌握以下内容:

1. 副词词意辨析

副词词意辨析是中考副词考查的主要内容,要求考生熟记常用易混副词的辨析,能结合具体语境准确使用副词。

【例】(2018·江苏无锡·2)—Look at the bird over there! It's so beautiful! —Wow! It's a rare crane. It appears in this area.