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常用医学英语词根词缀

1． 人体主要器官前缀

名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例

心heartcardiao-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology

脑brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology 肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology 肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology 胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology 胆gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy 肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology

脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology 胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy 肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology

2． 与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀

名称通用名前（后）缀示例

血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma 血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular 静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction 动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis

肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis 髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma 神经nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron 细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte 尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital

体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome

3． 与数字有关的前缀

数字前缀示例

一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional

二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide

三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve 四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia 五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund

七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent

八octa-octahedral/octalsystem 九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon 十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）

4． 颜色及与颜色有关的前缀

颜色通用名前缀示例

色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer 红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer

白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira 黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma 黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma

蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia

紫violet/purple

绿green

棕brownbrownmixture/brownring

橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG

粉红pinkoinkfrothysputum

绯红crimson

青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes

注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.

5． 与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)

含义前（后）缀形容词示例

病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis

/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy 病态-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis 增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia

无a-/an-atypicalanuria/agranulocytopenia

小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leaflet

micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus 大/巨macro-macroscopicmacronucleus/macrophage

-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly 复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia 全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic

6． 与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)

含义前（后）缀示例

相反dis-disease/disorder/disability 困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea 不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice 炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis

瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma 血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia 流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

坏死-necrosis/necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia

结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes

7． 与方位有关的前缀 含义通用词前缀示例

上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal 下lower/inferiorinfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous

前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-

后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac 内nner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial

外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial 间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse 旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal 周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum

中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-

反/对oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication

注：invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内；insitu/in’saitju:/原位

8． 与外科手术有关的前（后）缀

含义前（后）缀示例

切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy 切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy

切（割）-tometracheotome/thoracotome

吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy 成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty 整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy 造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography 经…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral

注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：

electrocardiogram心电图记录。 9． 与化学品有关的前（后）缀

含义前（后）缀示例

酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/acetate 醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol 醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal 酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone

糖glyco-glycogenolysissaccharo-saccharomyces-saccharidepolysaccharide

酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase 素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein 原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen

苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin 氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrin

10． 与“作用”有关的前（后）缀

含义前（后）缀示例

杀-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal

抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic

驱逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge

抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen

去/脱/除de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization

回/再/复re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant

冷冻cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant 否/去/分离dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection 向后/退行retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac