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1适用范围Scope of application

本标准规定了常州西电变压器有限责任公司所生产的出口变压器产品运输包装的总体要求、包装方式、包装箱技术要求、装箱方法、装箱流程、包装标识等主要内容。适用于本公司经铁路、公路及海洋运输的出口产品包装。

The standard stipulates the general requirements which include packing way, packing technical requirements, encasement method, encasement procedure and packing identification etc. of transport package for export transformer produced by Changzhou XD Transformer Co. Ltd. It applies to export product packing by railway, highway and ocean transportation.

2 引用标准 Quoted criteria

下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所有标准均为有效。所以标准都会被修订，标准使用方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。

Provisions contained in the following standard form the standard provision by quoting in this standard. When the standard published, all the standards are valid. All the standards will be revised. Standard users shall explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following criteria.

GB/T 7350-1999 《防水包装》 GB/T 7350-1999 Water-proof packing GB/T 155-2006 《原木缺陷》 GB/T 155-2006 Defects in logs GB/T 4823-1995 《锯材缺陷》 GB/T 4823-1995 Defects in swan timber GB/T 9846.3-2004 《胶合板 第3部分：普通胶合板通用技术条件》 GB/T 9846.3-2004 Plywood The third part: General technical conditions of ordinary plywood

GB/T 7284-1998 《框架木箱》 GB/T 7284-1998 Frame wooden case GB/T 5048-1999 《防潮包装》 GB/T 5048-1999 Damp-proof packing GB/T 6388-1986 《运输包装收发货标志》 GB/T 6388-1986 Transport package shipping mark

GB/T 13384-2008《机电产品包装通用技术条件》

GB/T 13384-2008 General technical conditions of mechanical and electrical products packing

SN/T 0273-2002《进出口商品运输包装木箱检验检疫规程》

SN/T 0273-2002 Import and export goods transport packaging wooden box, inspection and quarantine procedures

3 总则 General

3.1 产品包装应符合牢固、经济、合理、美观的原则。在正常的储运、装卸条件下应保证产品自工厂发货之日起，至少两年内不因包装不善而产生残损、散失、锈蚀甚至影响产品性能等现象，确保产品能安全、迅速、完整无损地到达目的地，及时交付用户使用。

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Packaging of products should accord with strong, economic, reasonable and beautiful principle. Under the condition of the normal storage and transportation, loading and unloading shall ensure that product from the date of shipments, in at least two years there would not come into damaged, lost, corrosion even affecting properties of products etc. phenomena. To make sure the products can arrive at the destination safely, rapidly and in one piece and deliver to the customers in time.

3.2 应根据包装物品的性质、重量、外形尺寸、流通环境条件和用户要求，选择正确的包装方式，做到包装紧凑、防护合理、安全可靠。

We should choose the right modes of packing according to nature, weight, boundary dimension, circulation environment conditions and customer’s requirements of packing goods to make the packaging compact, protection reasonable and safe and reliable.

3.3 产品必须经检验合格、组部件齐全，做好防护处理后，方可进行包装。随机文件应齐全。

The products should be qualified through inspection. The parts should be complete. The products can be packed till the protection being done well. Random file should be complete.

3.4包装箱的外形尺寸及重量应符合国内外运输方面的有关超限、超重的规定。

Boundary dimension and weight of packing case should be accorded with domestic and international transport regulations on overrun, overweight. 3.5 包装环境应清洁、干燥、无有害物质。

Packaging environment should be clean, dry and with no harmful substances.

3.6 为降低成本，有原包装的应尽量利用原包装，经修理或改装的包装箱应符合专业包装的有关标准要求。

In order to reduce costs, ones with the original packaging should try to use the original packaging. Packing cases after the repair or modification shall accord with the relevant standards of professional packaging requirements.

3.7 装箱后等待运输的包装箱特别是附件箱要求室内存放，确保包装质量不受影响。

Packing case waited for transporting especially the accessory case is required in indoor storage to make sure the packing quality is not affected.

4 包装方式 Packing way

4.1 产品及拆卸件主要选用的包装方式有裸装、局部装和木箱装。

Main packing ways chose for products and assemblies are nude packing, partial packing and wooden case packing.

4.2 防护包装主要分为防水包装和防震包装。

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Protective packaging consists of waterproof packing and shockproof packing.

防水材料采用聚乙烯塑料薄膜、聚乙烯塑料复合纸，如防雨布、PE袋、防雨篷布等，其材质、性能符合GB/T 7350标准。

Waterproof material adopts polyethylene plastic film and

polyethylene plastic composite paper, such as waterproof cloth, PE bag and waterproof tarpaulins etc. and their material and performance accord with the GB/T 7350 standard.

防震材料采用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料、复合发泡塑料、塑料气垫等。

Vibration-proof material adopts polystyrence foam, compound foamed plastics and the plastic cushion etc.

5 包装箱基本技术要求 General safety specification of packing case 5.1包装材质要求 Requirements of packaging material

5.1.1包装材料的选用根据内装物的特点正确选择。 The selection of packaging materials should be right choice according to the characteristics of the built-in objects.

5.1.2 变压器产品的包装材料以木质材料为主，其材质应在保证包装箱强度的前提下，根据经济环保原则选用非疫区的适当树种。主要受力构件的选材为落叶松、加松、铁杉、花旗松，非主要受力部位也可以选用人工合成或深度加工的木质材料。所用实木需熏蒸处理。

Packaging material of transformer is given priority to with wood material which shall be under the prerequisite of the intensity of packing and to choose the appropriate tree species in unaffected areas according to the economic and environmental protection principle. Selection of main stress components are dahurian larch, pine, hemlock and douglas fir. The main stress parts also can choose synthetic or deep processing of wood materials.

5.1.3同一包装箱的箱板色泽应基本一致，宽窄均匀，外表面平整，无虫眼和明显毛刺。

The board color of same packing case should be consistent. It has the uniform width, flat surface and with no bug and obvious burrs.

5.1.4滑木含水率不大于24%，其它部位木材的含水率不大于20%。 Wood moisture content is not more than 24% and other parts the moisture content of lumber is not more than 20%.

5.1.5 制箱木材各部位允许缺陷度见表1、表2，木材中各种缺陷的解释和计算方法、斜纹的倾斜度检量方法按GB/T 155和GB/T 4823的规定。

Each part of box wood allowing defects are shown in table 1 and table 2. Interpretation and calculation methods of various defects in wood, the inclination of the twill calibration method are according to GB/T 155 and GB/T 4823.

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Any material in 1000 mm long, the number of knot is no more Live and than 5, the diameter of biggest knot is no more than 30% of dead section the material width ( Dead knot must be repaired.) Knot with diameter less than 5mm is not counted. Nail parts of slippery wood and crosstie can not have dead knots. 腐 朽 Decayed 虫 孔 Wormhole 裂 纹 Crack 不允许 not allowed 不允许 not allowed 裂纹长度不得超过材长的20%（宽度不足3mm的裂纹不计），不允许有贯通裂纹 Length of crack is no more than 20% of material length ( crack with width less than 3mm is not counted), hole-through crack is not allowed. 钝棱最严重的部分缺角宽度不得超过材宽的30%，高度不得超过材厚的三分之一 表1 木材的缺陷限度（滑木、端木、枕木）

Table 1 Defects limit of wood (slippery wood, terminal wood, crosstie ) 木 材 的 允 许 缺 陷 限 度 allowed defects limit of wood 缺陷名称 滑木、端木、枕木等主要受力构件 Name of slippery wood, terminal wood, crosstie, etc main stress defects components 任意材长1000mm中，节子的个数不能超过5个，最大节子直径不能超过材宽的30%（死节必须修补），直径不足5mm的节子不计。滑木与枕木的钉接部位不得有死节。 活节和死节 钝 棱 Wane A blunt edge of the most serious part of the missing angle width shall not exceed 30% of the material width. Height should not exceed one third of the material thickness. 顺弯、横弯不得超过1%，翘弯不得超过2% 弯 曲 ? The bending and transverse bending should not exceed Curve 1%.Crosswise concaving should not exceed 2%. 纹理的倾斜度不得超过20% 斜 纹 Cross grain The inclination of the texture should not exceed 20%. 表2 木材的缺陷限度（箱板、箱档）

Table 2 Defects limit of wood ( boxboard, cleat) 允 许 缺 陷 限 度 allowed defects limit 箱 板 箱 档 boxboard cleat 缺 陷 Defect 腐 朽 Decayed 虫 眼 Wormhole 不允许 not allowed 不许有 not allowed 专业知识 整理分享

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死 节 Dead knot 节子 Knot 活 节 Live knot 裂 纹 Crack ? 直径自5mm以下不计。最大节子直径不大于单板宽度30%（每块箱面只允许一个），最大节子直径不大于档宽25% 脱落节子需堵实 The largest diameter of knot Diameter below 5mm is not counted. The is no more than 25% of largest diameter of knot is no more crosspiece width. than 30% of veneer width (Each box side allows only one). Knot dropped off should be blocked up. 最大节子直径不大于档宽30% 最大节子直径不大于单板宽度50% The largest diameter of knot The largest diameter of knot is no is no more than 30% of more than 25% of veneer width. crosspiece width. 裂长不大于板长20%，裂宽不大于2mm，裂长不大于档长10% 横裂不许有 裂宽不大于1mm，横裂不许有 Length of crack is no more than 20% of Length of crack is no more plank. Width of crack is no more than than 10% of crosspiece. Width of crack is no more than 1mm. 2mm.Transverse fissure is not Transverse fissure is not allowed. allowed. 不许有 not allowed 斜纹的倾斜度不得超过20% The inclination of the cross grain should not exceed 20% 箱面上、下口钝棱缺角尺寸不许有，中间、两端钝棱缺角尺寸不大于板厚30% 钝棱缺角尺寸不大于板厚25% Under the box surface, blunt edge A blunt edge missing angle missing angle size is not allowed to size is not more than 25% of have. Both end and middle blunt edge veneer thickness. missing angle size is not more than 30% of veneer thickness. 夹 皮 Bark pocket 斜 纹 Cross grain 钝 棱 Wane 注： 所有节子缺陷，在板、档两端着钉范围不得超过单板、箱档宽度的25%，钝棱面必须朝里。 Note: All defects of knots, on both ends of plate, the pin scope shall not exceed 25% of the single board, box gear width, blunt edge surface must be inwards.

5.1.6胶合板Plywood

胶合板选用GB/T 9846.3-2004 《胶合板 第3部分：普通胶合板通用技术条件》中规定的Ⅲ类胶合板。

Plywood choose GB/T 9846.3 2004 Plywood The Third Part: General Technical Conditions of Ordinary Plywood of III kind of plywood.

5.2 顶盖载荷 The top load

施于横梁的顶盖载荷，按顶盖面积规定为为5.0kPa(510kgf/m2)。

In beam top load, as stipulated in the head area of 5.0 kPa (510 KGF/m2).

5.3堆码载荷Stacking load

施于侧面的堆码载荷，按顶盖面积规定如表3。

For stacking load to the side, it is stipulated in the roof area such

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